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We investigate the problem of elementary equivalence of the free group factors, that is, do all free group factors $L(\mathbb{F}_n)$ share a common first-order theory? We establish a trichotomy of possibilities for their common first-order…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Isaac Goldbring , Jennifer Pi

Given an infinite word, enumerating its factors is an important exercise for understanding the structure of the word. The process of finding all the factors is quite tricky for two-dimensional words. In this paper, two possible ways of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-21 Sivasankar Mohankumar , Rama Raghavan

Given a group $G$ and a subset $X \subset G$, an element $g \in G$ is called quasi-positive if it is equal to a product of conjugates of elements in the semigroup generated by $X$. This notion is important in the context of braid groups,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-30 Robert W. Bell , Rita Gitik

A finitely generated group admits a decomposition, called its Grushko decomposition, into a free product of freely indecomposable groups. There is an algorithm to construct the Grushko decomposition of a finite graph of finite rank free…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Guo-An Diao , Mark Feighn

We study greedy-type algorithms such that at a greedy step we pick several dictionary elements contrary to a single dictionary element in standard greedy-type algorithms. We call such greedy algorithms {\it super greedy algorithms}. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2010-10-27 Entao Liu , Vladimir N. Temlyakov

We investigate the structure of subdirect products of groups, particularly their finiteness properties. We pay special attention to the subdirect products of free groups, surface groups and HNN extensions. We prove that a finitely presented…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Martin R Bridson , Charles F Miller

The free distance of a convolutional code is a reliable indicator of its performance. However its computation is not an easy task. In this paper, we present some algorithms to compute the free distance with good efficiency that work for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Zita Abreu , Joachim Rosenthal , Michael Schaller

The currently fastest algorithm for regular expression pattern matching and membership improves the classical O(nm) time algorithm by a factor of about log^{3/2}n. Instead of focussing on general patterns we analyse homogeneous patterns of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Philipp Schepper

We study the lattice of finite-index extensions of a given finitely generated subgroup $H$ of a free group $F$. This lattice is finite and we give a combinatorial characterization of its greatest element, which is the commensurator of $H$.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-25 Pedro Silva , Pascal Weil

Let $F_n$ be a free group of rank $n$. In this paper we discuss three algorithmic problems related to automorphisms of $F_2$. A word $u$ of $F_n$ is called positive if $u$ does not have negative exponents. A word $u$ in $F_n$ is called…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2011-05-03 Donghi Lee

We present an algorithm to decide whether or not a finitely generated subgroup of the isometry group of a locally finite simplicial tree is both discrete and free. The correctness of this algorithm relies on the following conjecture: every…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Matthew J. Conder

We study finite subgroups of outer automorphisms of free products. We give upper bounds for the orders of these finite subgroups as well as bounds for the orders of individual torsion outer automorphisms under some (necessary) conditions…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Ioannis Papavasileiou , Dionysios Syrigos

Indexed languages are a classical notion in formal language theory, which has attracted attention in recent decades due to its role in higher-order model checking: They are precisely the languages accepted by order-2 pushdown automata. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Richard Mandel , Corto Mascle , Georg Zetzsche

We prove that in every finitely generated profinite group, every subgroup of finite index is open; this implies that the topology on such groups is determined by the algebraic structure. This is deduced from the main result about finite…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Nikolay Nikolov , Dan Segal

The unified property roughly states that searching for an element is fast when the current access is close to a recent access. Here, "close" refers to rank distance measured among all elements stored by the dictionary. We show that distance…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-02-28 John Howat , John Iacono , Pat Morin

We present an approach to decomposition and factor analysis of matrices with ordinal data. The matrix entries are grades to which objects represented by rows satisfy attributes represented by columns, e.g. grades to which an image is red, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-03-07 Radim Belohlavek , Vilem Vychodil

We observe that a sharp result on the exponential growth rate of the number of primitive elements exists for the free group on two generators.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Igor Rivin

Algorithmic fairness is typically studied from the perspective of predictions. Instead, here we investigate fairness from the perspective of recourse actions suggested to individuals to remedy an unfavourable classification. We propose two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Julius von Kügelgen , Amir-Hossein Karimi , Umang Bhatt , Isabel Valera , Adrian Weller , Bernhard Schölkopf

"Theorems for Free!" (Wadler, FPCA 1989) is a slogan for a technique that allows to derive statements about functions just from their types. So far, the statements considered have always had a purely extensional flavor: statements relating…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2011-07-07 Daniel Seidel , Janis Voigtländer

Surface groups are determined among limit groups by their profinite completions. As a corollary, the set of surface words in a free group is closed in the profinite topology.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-16 Henry Wilton