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Twin-width is a graph parameter introduced in the context of first-order model checking, and has since become a central parameter in algorithmic graph theory. While many algorithmic problems become easier on arbitrary classes of bounded…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Irene Heinrich , Moritz Lichter , Klara Pakhomenko , Simon Raßmann

Real data collected from different applications that have additional topological structures and connection information are amenable to be represented as a weighted graph. Considering the node labeling problem, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Xiaoxiao Li , Joao Saude

In recent years, Graph Neural Network (GNN) has bloomly progressed for its power in processing graph-based data. Most GNNs follow a message passing scheme, and their expressive power is mathematically limited by the discriminative ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Alan J. X. Guo , Qing-Hu Hou , Ou Wu

Robustness in complex systems is of significant engineering and economic importance. However, conventional attack-based a posteriori robustness assessments incur prohibitive computational overhead. Recently, deep learning methods, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Chengyu Tian , Wenbin Pei

The invariance to permutations of the adjacency matrix, i.e., graph isomorphism, is an overarching requirement for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Conventionally, this prerequisite can be satisfied by the invariant operations over node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Zhongyu Huang , Yingheng Wang , Chaozhuo Li , Huiguang He

Inspired by a growing interest in analyzing network data, we study the problem of node classification on graphs, focusing on approaches based on kernel machines. Conventionally, kernel machines are linear classifiers in the implicit feature…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-01-25 Xiao Tang , Mu Zhu

We provide a criterion to distinguish two graphs which are indistinguishable by $2$-dimensional Weisfeiler-Lehman algorithm for almost all graphs. Haemers conjectured that almost all graphs are identified by their spectrum. Our approach…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Wei Wang , Da Zhao

In this thesis we examined several multimodal feature extraction and learning methods for retrieval and classification purposes. We reread briefly some theoretical results of learning in Section 2 and reviewed several generative and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Bálint Zoltán Daróczy

In these lecture notes, we first recall the connection between graph neural networks, Weisfeiler-Lehman tests and logics such as first-order logic and graded modal logic. We then present a modal logic in which counting modalities appear in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-14 François Schwarzentruber

The increasing prevalence of graph-structured data across various domains has intensified greater interest in graph classification tasks. While numerous sophisticated graph learning methods have emerged, their complexity often hinders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Saiful Islam , Md. Nahid Hasan , Pitambar Khanra

Graph-based methods have been demonstrated as one of the most effective approaches for semi-supervised learning, as they can exploit the connectivity patterns between labeled and unlabeled data samples to improve learning performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Qimai Li , Xiao-Ming Wu , Han Liu , Xiaotong Zhang , Zhichao Guan

We propose a representation of graph as a functional object derived from the power iteration of the underlying adjacency matrix. The proposed functional representation is a graph invariant, i.e., the functional remains unchanged under any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Anshumali Shrivastava , Ping Li

Line graph transformation has been widely studied in graph theory, where each node in a line graph corresponds to an edge in the original graph. This has inspired a series of graph neural networks (GNNs) applied to transformed line graphs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Fan Yang , Xingyue Huang

Despite the remarkable success of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), the common belief is that their representation power is limited and that they are at most as expressive as the Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) algorithm. In this paper, we argue the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Charilaos I. Kanatsoulis , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph Neural Nets (GNNs) have received increasing attentions, partially due to their superior performance in many node and graph classification tasks. However, there is a lack of understanding on what they are learning and how sophisticated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Ting Chen , Song Bian , Yizhou Sun

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are limited in their expressive power, struggle with long-range interactions and lack a principled way to model higher-order structures. These problems can be attributed to the strong coupling between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Cristian Bodnar , Fabrizio Frasca , Nina Otter , Yu Guang Wang , Pietro Liò , Guido Montúfar , Michael Bronstein

Graph learning is currently dominated by graph kernels, which, while powerful, suffer some significant limitations. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) offer a very appealing alternative, but processing graphs with CNNs is not trivial. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Antoine Jean-Pierre Tixier , Giannis Nikolentzos , Polykarpos Meladianos , Michalis Vazirgiannis

In this paper we combine many of the standard and more recent algebraic techniques for testing isomorphism of finite groups (GpI) with combinatorial techniques that have typically been applied to Graph Isomorphism. In particular, we show…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Peter A. Brooksbank , Joshua A. Grochow , Yinan Li , Youming Qiao , James B. Wilson

In comparison to graphs, combinatorial methods for the isomorphism problem of finite groups are less developed than algebraic ones. To be able to investigate the descriptive complexity of finite groups and the group isomorphism problem, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Jendrik Brachter , Pascal Schweitzer

In recent years, there has been a significant amount of research focused on expanding the expressivity of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) beyond the Weisfeiler-Lehman (1-WL) framework. While many of these studies have yielded advancements in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shouheng Li , Dongwoo Kim , Qing Wang
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