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We experimentally demonstrated a sub-Mbps key rate Gaussian-modulated coherent-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) over 100 km transmission distance. To efficiently control the excess noise, the quantum signal and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Yaodi Pi , Heng Wang , Yan Pan , Yun Shao , Yang Li , Jie Yang , Yichen Zhang , Wei Huang , Bingjie Xu

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the fastest-growing and relatively mature technology in the field of quantum information, enabling information-theoretically secure key distribution between two remote users. Although QKD based on…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote parties to grow a shared key which they can use for unconditionally secure communication [1]. The applicable distance of a QKD protocol depends on the loss and the excess noise of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-08 Lars S. Madsen , Vladyslav C. Usenko , Mikael Lassen , Radim Filip , Ulrik L. Andersen

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) enables remote users to share high-rate and unconditionally secure secret keys while maintaining compatibility with classical optical communication networks and effective resistance…

Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), being capable of beating PNS attack and uncon- ditionally secure, have become an attractive one recently. But, in many QKD systems, disturbances of transmission channel make quantum bit error rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Zhen-Qiang Yin , Zheng-Fu Han , Wei Chen , Fang-Xing Xu , Qing-Lin Wu , Guang-Can Guo

The secure transfer of information is critical for the ever-increasing demands of the digital world. Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a technology that can potentially provide information-theoretic security to…

Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) with classical data transmission over the same fiber is crucial for scalable quantum-secured communication. However, noise from classical channels limits QKD distance. We demonstrate the…

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a QKD protocol that uses single-photon interference to perform QKD over long distances. QKD protocols that encode information using high-dimensional quantum states can benefit from increased key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Ronny Müller , Mujtaba Zahidy , Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe , Søren Forchhammer , Davide Bacco

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers provably secure, information-theoretic key exchange, but in long-distance scenarios without quantum repeaters, Trusted Nodes (TNs) are commonly employed despite introducing critical security risks. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Sumit Chaudhary , Davide Li Calsi , JinHyeock Choi , Marc Geitz , Janis Nötzel

Twin-Field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) can beat the linear bound of repeaterless QKD systems. After the proposal of the original protocol, multiple papers have extended the protocol to prove its security. However, these works are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Wenyuan Wang , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We report a demonstration of quantum key distribution (QKD) over a standard telecom fiber exceeding 50 dB in loss and 250 km in length. The differential phase shift QKD protocol was chosen and implemented with 2 GHz system clock rate. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-21 Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Jun-Fu Guo , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Hong-Wei Li , Zheng Zhou , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

The twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and its variants are highly attractive because they can beat the well-known rate-loss limit (i.e., the PLOB bound) for QKD protocols without quantum repeaters. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-11 X. Zhong , J. Hu , M. Curty , L. Qian , H. -K. Lo

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) and its variants can overcome the fundamental rate-distance limit of QKD which has been demonstrated in the laboratory and field while their physical implementations with side channels remains to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Yi-Fei Lu , Mu-Sheng Jiang , Yang Wang , Xiao-Xu Zhang , Fan Liu , Chun Zhou , Hong-Wei Li , Wan-Su Bao

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an attractive solution for secure communication. However, channel disturbance severely limits its application when a QKD system is transfered from the laboratory to the field. Here, a high-speed…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a promising technology aiming at solving the security problem arising from the advent of quantum computers. While the main theoretical aspects are well developed today, limited performances, in terms of…

Reference-frame-independent (RFI) quantum key distribution (QKD) presents promising advantages, especially for mobile-platform-based implementations, as it eliminates the need for active reference frame calibration. While RFI-QKD has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-07 Zhiyu Tian , Ziran Xie , Rong Wang , Chunmei Zhang , Shihai Sun

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can help two distant peers to share secret key bits, whose security is guaranteed by the law of physics. In practice, the secret key rate of a QKD protocol is always lowered with the increasing of channel…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a secret way to share keys between legitimate users which is guaranteed by the law of quantum mechanics. Most recently, the limitation of transmission distance without quantum repeaters was broken…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-19 Xingyu Zhou , Chunhui Zhang , Chunmei Zhang , Qin Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote users to establish a secret key in the presence of an eavesdropper. The users share quantum states prepared in two mutually-unbiased bases: one to generate the key while the other monitors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-03 Nurul T. Islam , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Clinton Cahall , Jungsang Kim , Daniel J. Gauthier

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution(TF-QKD) protocol and its variants, such as Phase-Matching QKD(PM-QKD), sending or not QKD(SNS-QKD) and No Phase Post-Selection TF-QKD(NPP-TFQKD), are very promising for long-distance applications.…