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Federated Learning (FL) is an evolving distributed machine learning approach that safeguards client privacy by keeping data on edge devices. However, the variation in data among clients poses challenges in training models that excel across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yongxin Guo , Xiaoying Tang , Tao Lin

As a promising learning paradigm integrating computation and communication, federated learning (FL) proceeds the local training and the periodic sharing from distributed clients. Due to the non-i.i.d. data distribution on clients, FL model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Zheqi Zhu , Yuchen Shi , Pingyi Fan , Chenghui Peng , Khaled B. Letaief

Federated Learning (FL) is a well-known framework for successfully performing a learning task in an edge computing scenario where the devices involved have limited resources and incomplete data representation. The basic assumption of FL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Lorenzo Valerio , Chiara Boldrini , Andrea Passarella , János Kertész , Márton Karsai , Gerardo Iñiguez

Federated learning (FL) is a decentralized AI mechanism suitable for a large number of devices like in smart IoT. A major challenge of FL is the non-IID dataset problem, originating from the heterogeneous data collected by FL participants,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Minkwon Lee , Hyoil Kim , Changhee Joo

Federated learning (FL) is an effective solution to train machine learning models on the increasing amount of data generated by IoT devices and smartphones while keeping such data localized. Most previous work on federated learning assumes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Othmane Marfoq , Giovanni Neglia , Laetitia Kameni , Richard Vidal

Decentralized federated learning (DFL) has attracted significant attention due to its scalability and independence from a central server. In practice, some participating clients can be mobile, yet the impact of user mobility on DFL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Md Farhamdur Reza , Reza Jahani , Richeng Jin , Huaiyu Dai

Federated learning (FL) is a promising technique that enables a large amount of edge computing devices to collaboratively train a global learning model. Due to privacy concerns, the raw data on devices could not be available for centralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Miao Yang , Akitanoshou Wong , Hongbin Zhu , Haifeng Wang , Hua Qian

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a means of distributed learning using local data stored at clients with a coordinating server. Recent studies showed that FL can suffer from poor performance and slower convergence when training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Van Sy Mai , Richard J. La , Tao Zhang

Federated learning (FL) is a kind of distributed machine learning framework, where the global model is generated on the centralized aggregation server based on the parameters of local models, addressing concerns about privacy leakage caused…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Chenhao Xu , Youyang Qu , Yong Xiang , Longxiang Gao

Federated learning is a privacy-focused approach towards machine learning where models are trained on client devices with locally available data and aggregated at a central server. However, the dependence on a single central server is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shamik Bhattacharyya , Rachel Kalpana Kalaimani

Federated learning (FL) has been gaining attention for its ability to share knowledge while maintaining user data, protecting privacy, increasing learning efficiency, and reducing communication overhead. Decentralized FL (DFL) is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Liangqi Yuan , Ziran Wang , Lichao Sun , Philip S. Yu , Christopher G. Brinton

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning protocol that allows a set of participating agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their data. This makes FL particularly suitable for settings where data privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Rishabh Iyer

Federated Learning (FL) has become an active and promising distributed machine learning paradigm. As a result of statistical heterogeneity, recent studies clearly show that the performance of popular FL methods (e.g., FedAvg) deteriorates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Hua Huang , Fanhua Shang , Yuanyuan Liu , Hongying Liu

Federated Learning (FL) enables local devices to collaboratively learn a shared predictive model by only periodically sharing model parameters with a central aggregator. However, FL can be disadvantaged by statistical heterogeneity produced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Basem Suleiman , Muhammad Johan Alibasa , Rizka Widyarini Purwanto , Lewis Jeffries , Ali Anaissi , Jacky Song

Over recent years, Federated Learning (FL) has proven to be one of the most promising methods of distributed learning which preserves data privacy. As the method evolved and was confronted to various real-world scenarios, new challenges…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-15 Michael Ben Ali , Omar El-Rifai , Imen Megdiche , André Peninou , Olivier Teste

Decentralized federated learning (DFL) captures FL settings where both (i) model updates and (ii) model aggregations are exclusively carried out by the clients without a central server. Existing DFL works have mostly focused on settings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Shahryar Zehtabi , Dong-Jun Han , Rohit Parasnis , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Christopher G. Brinton

Federated Learning (FL) on non-independently and identically distributed (non-IID) data remains a critical challenge, as existing approaches struggle with severe data heterogeneity. Current methods primarily address symptoms of non-IID by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Hui Yeok Wong , Chee Kau Lim , Chee Seng Chan

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across large-scale distributed service nodes while preserving data privacy, making it a cornerstone of intelligent service systems in edge-cloud environments. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhiwei Ling , Hailiang Zhao , Chao Zhang , Xiang Ao , Ziqi Wang , Cheng Zhang , Zhen Qin , Xinkui Zhao , Kingsum Chow , Yuanqing Wu , MengChu Zhou

Federated Learning (FL) that extracts data knowledge while protecting the privacy of multiple clients has achieved remarkable results in distributed privacy-preserving IoT systems, including smart traffic flow monitoring, smart grid load…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yiqun Zhang , Shenghong Cai , Zihua Yang , Sen Feng , Yuzhu Ji , Haijun Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning framework that allows multiple users to train models utilizing their local data in a distributed manner. However, considerable statistical heterogeneity in local data across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Qi Le , Enmao Diao , Xinran Wang , Vahid Tarokh , Jie Ding , Ali Anwar