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The reduced inertia levels in low-carbon power grids necessitate explicit constraints to limit frequency's nadir and rate of change during scheduling. This can result in significant curtailment of renewable energy due to the minimum…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-18 Cormac O'Malley , Luis Badesa , Fei Teng , Goran Strbac

The stability of AC power grids relies on ancillary services that mitigate frequency fluctuations. The electromechanical inertia of large synchronous generators is currently the only resource to absorb frequency disturbances on sub-second…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-21 Julian Fritzsch , Philippe Jacquod

How to practically maintain the frequency stability of large-scale power systems by a decentralized way is a simple but non-trivial question. In other words, is it possible to design any local controller without understanding the other…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-13 Binh-Minh Nguyen , Ngoc Tran-Huynh , Michihiro Kawanishi , Tatsuo Narikiyo

In this article a model predictive control (MPC) based frequency control scheme for energy storage units was derived, focusing on the incorporation of stability constraints based on Lyapunov theory and the concept of passivity. The proposed…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-05-28 Christoph Trabert , Andreas Ulbig , Göran Andersson

Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) is a fundamental problem in power systems and electricity markets. In practical settings, SCUC is repeatedly solved via Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, sometimes multiple times per day, with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-19 Alinson S. Xavier , Feng Qiu , Shabbir Ahmed

The AC frequency in electrical power systems is conventionally regulated by synchronous machines. The gradual replacement of these machines by asynchronous renewable-based generation, which provides little or no frequency control, increases…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-13 Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada

In modern electric power networks with fast evolving operational conditions, assessing the impact of contingencies is becoming more and more crucial. Contingencies of interest can be roughly classified into nodal power disturbances and line…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2019-10-22 Robin Delabays , Melvyn Tyloo , Philippe Jacquod

Inverter Based Generators (IBGs) have been increasing significantly in power systems. Due to the demanding thermal rating of Power Electronics (PE), their contribution to the system Short Circuit Current (SCC) is much less than that from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-14 Zhongda Chu , Fei Teng

In the current practice of short-term power scheduling, online power reserves are used to address generation mismatches and contingencies. Neither online inertia nor the speed of the committed units is considered in the scheduling process.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-03 Mohammad Rajabdorri , Enrique Lobato , Lukas Sigrist

The integration of synchronous generators and energy storage systems operated through communication networks introduces new challenges and vulnerabilities to the electric grid, where cyber attacks can corrupt sensor measurements or control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Jairo Giraldo , Masood Parvania

In low-carbon grids, system flexibility can be enhanced through mechanisms such as Demand Response (DR), enabling the efficient utilization of renewable energy. However, as Synchronous Generators (SGs) are being replaced by renewable energy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Peng Wang , Zhengmao Li , Luis Badesa

Security-constrained unit commitment with alternating current optimal power flow (SCUC-ACOPF) is a central problem in power grid operations that optimizes commitment and dispatch of generators under a physically accurate power transmission…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-12 Matthew Brun , Thomas Lee , Dirk Lauinger , Xin Chen , Xu Andy Sun

Conventional generators in power grids are steadily substituted with new renewable sources of electric power. The latter are connected to the grid via inverters and as such have little, if any rotational inertia. The resulting reduction of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Laurent Pagnier , Philippe Jacquod

This paper presents a distributed frequency control method for power grids with high penetration of inverter-connected resources under low and time-varying inertia due to renewable energy (RE). We provide a distributed virtual inertia (VI)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Manasa Muralidharan , Jan Kleissl , Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez

The electrical grid is evolving from a network consisting of mostly synchronous machines to a mixture of synchronous machines and inverter-based resources such as wind, solar, and energy storage. This transformation has led to a decrease in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-29 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang

Integrating Information and Communications Technology (ICT) devices into the power grid brings many benefits. However, it also exposes the grid to new potential cyber threats. Many control and protection mechanisms, such as Load Frequency…

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources exacerbates the spatial and temporal differences in frequency across the power system, posing a serious challenge to the accurate and efficient assessment of system frequency security.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Changjun He , Hua Geng , Xiuqiang He , Chen Shen , Yushuang Liu

Currently, system operators implement demand response by dispatching controllable loads for economic reasons in day-ahead scheduling. Particularly, demand shifting from peak hours when the cost of electricity is higher to non-peak hours to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Arun Venkatesh Ramesh , Xingpeng Li

With the increasing inclusion of regenerative resources in the energy mix, their intermittent character challenges power grid stability. Hence it is essential to determine which input fluctuations power grids are particularly vulnerable to.…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2018-01-16 Stefan Wieland , Sébastien Aumaitre , Hervé Bercegol

In small/medium-sized isolated power networks with low rotational inertia and high penetration of renewables, generation/load contingency events may cause large frequency excursions, potentially leading to cascading failures and even…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-28 Alireza Fereidouni , Julius Susanto , Pierluigi Mancarella , Nicky Hong , Teresa Smit , Dean Sharafi