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Synthetic active collectives, composed of many nonliving individuals capable of cooperative changes in group shape and dynamics, hold promise for practical applications and for the elucidation of guiding principles of natural collectives.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-11-14 Kyungmin Son , Kimberly Bowal , L. Mahadevan , Ho-Young Kim

There is a growing need for robots that can change their shape, size and mechanical properties to adapt to evolving tasks and environments. However, current shape-changing systems generally utilize bespoke, system-specific mechanisms that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Niklas Hagemann , Daniela Rus

Soft robots have been leveraged in considerable areas like surgery, rehabilitation, and bionics due to their softness, flexibility, and safety. However, it is challenging to produce two same soft robots even with the same mold and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Zixi Chen , Xuyang Ren , Matteo Bernabei , Vanessa Mainardi , Gastone Ciuti , Cesare Stefanini

Soft machines typically exhibit slow locomotion speed and low manipulation strength because of intrinsic limitations of soft materials. Here, we present a generic design principle that harnesses mechanical instability for a variety of…

Robotic systems operating in unstructured environments require the ability to switch between compliant and rigid states to perform diverse tasks such as adaptive grasping, high-force manipulation, shape holding, and navigation in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Jianshu Zhou , Wei Chen , Junda Huang , Boyuan Liang , Yunhui Liu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Continuum soft robots are mechanical systems entirely made of continuously deformable elements. This design solution aims to bring robots closer to invertebrate animals and soft appendices of vertebrate animals (e.g., an elephant's trunk, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Cosimo Della Santina , Christian Duriez , Daniela Rus

Despite a slow neuromuscular system, humans easily outperform modern robot technology, especially in physical contact tasks. How is this possible? Biological evidence indicates that motor control of biological systems is achieved by a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Moses C. Nah , Johannes Lachner , Neville Hogan

Soft robotics is a rapidly growing area of robotics research that would benefit greatly from design automation, given the challenges of manually engineering complex, compliant, and generally non-intuitive robot body plans and behaviors. It…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Alican Mertan , Nick Cheney

Traditional robotic mechanisms contain a series of rigid links connected by rotational joints that provide powered motion, all of which is controlled by a central processor. By contrast, analogous mechanisms found in nature, such as octopus…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Anurag Bhattacharyya , Jin-Young Kim , Lee R. Alacoque , Kai A. James

Soft machines display shape adaptation to external circumstances due to their intrinsic compliance. To achieve increasingly more responsive behaviors upon interactions without relying on centralized computation, embodying memory directly in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-29 Alberto Comoretto , Tanaya Mandke , Johannes T. B. Overvelde

Modular soft robots have shown higher potential in sophisticated tasks than single-module robots. However, the modular structure incurs the complexity of accurate control and necessitates a control strategy specifically for modular robots.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Zixi Chen , Matteo Bernabei , Vanessa Mainardi , Xuyang Ren , Gastone Ciuti , Cesare Stefanini

This paper presents a magnet-based robotic skin that integrates a multilayer soft lattice with distributed Hall-effect sensor arrays and a tactile super-resolution model. External contact forces are converted to magnetic field changes by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yunseong Bang , Joowon Park , Suan Sim , Youngjun Ryu , Sukho Park , Kyungseo Park

This work represents an initial benchmark of a large-scale soft robot performing physical, collaborative manipulation of a long, extended object with a human partner. The robot consists of a pneumatically-actuated, three-link continuum soft…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Dallin L. Cordon , Shaden Moss , Marc Killpack , John L. Salmon

This paper introduces collaborating robots which provide the possibility of enhanced task performance, high reliability and decreased. Collaborating-bots are a collection of mobile robots able to self-assemble and to self-organize in order…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2012-12-27 M. A. El-Dosuky , M. Z. Rashad , T. T. Hamza , A. H. EL-Bassiouny

Self-assembly in natural and synthetic molecular systems can create complex aggregates or materials whose properties and functionality rises from their internal structure and molecular arrangement. The key microscopic features that control…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-09-03 Alberto Scacchi , Maria Sammalkorpi , Tapio Ala-Nissila

Magnetic materials play a key role in the contemporary industry, providing unique features with a wide application potential. To study physical phenomena and design new materials, it is important to possess an appropriate tool, a model…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-01-13 Jakub Šebesta , Dominik Legut

Replicating and surpassing the autonomy of natural organisms remains a long-standing goal in robotics. Yet most robotic systems have their structure, materials, and control designed separately, in sharp contrast to the co-evolution in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qinsong Guo , Liwei Wang

Soft robots offer more flexibility, compliance, and adaptability than traditional rigid robots. They are also typically lighter and cheaper to manufacture. However, their use in real-world applications is limited due to modeling challenges…

This work introduces the Monolithic Unit (MU), an actuator-lattice-sensor building block for soft robotics. The MU integrates pneumatic actuation, a compliant lattice envelope, and candidate sites for optical waveguide sensing into a single…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Trevor Exley , Anderson Brazil Nardin , Petr Trunin , Diana Cafiso , Lucia Beccai

Modular microrobotics can potentially address many information-intensive microtasks in medicine, manufacturing and the environment. However, surface area has limited the natural powering, communication, functional integration, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-04 Yeji Lee , Vineeth K. Bandari , John S. McCaskill , Pranathi Adluri , Daniil Karnaushenko , Dmitriy D. Karnaushenko , Oliver G. Schmidt