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The usage of transformers has grown from learning about language semantics to forming meaningful visiolinguistic representations. These architectures are often over-parametrized, requiring large amounts of computation. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Prajjwal Bhargava

The remarkable success of Vision Transformers in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has led to a growing interest in incorporating the self-attention mechanism and transformer-based architecture into Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). While…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Xinyu Shi , Zecheng Hao , Zhaofei Yu

Transformer-based architectures traditionally employ softmax to compute attention weights, which produces dense distributions over all tokens in a sequence. While effective in many settings, this density has been shown to be detrimental for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Pavlo Vasylenko , Hugo Pitorro , André F. T. Martins , Marcos Treviso

The quadratic computation complexity of self-attention has been a persistent challenge when applying Transformer models to vision tasks. Linear attention, on the other hand, offers a much more efficient alternative with its linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Dongchen Han , Xuran Pan , Yizeng Han , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Transformers have dominated sequence processing tasks for the past seven years -- most notably language modeling. However, the inherent quadratic complexity of their attention mechanism remains a significant bottleneck as context length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Alexander M. Fichtl , Jeremias Bohn , Josefin Kelber , Edoardo Mosca , Georg Groh

Transformer has become ubiquitous in natural language processing (e.g., machine translation, question answering); however, it requires enormous amount of computations to achieve high performance, which makes it not suitable for mobile…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Zhanghao Wu , Zhijian Liu , Ji Lin , Yujun Lin , Song Han

Effective long-term predictions have been increasingly demanded in urban-wise data mining systems. Many practical applications, such as accident prevention and resource pre-allocation, require an extended period for preparation. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Haoxing Lin , Rufan Bai , Weijia Jia , Xinyu Yang , Yongjian You

Driven by the continuous development of models such as Multi-Layer Perceptron, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Transformer, deep learning has made breakthrough progress in fields such as computer vision and natural language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shuang Liu , Lina Zhao , Tian Wang , Huaqing Wang

Transformer-based models have achieved remarkable results in low-level vision tasks including image super-resolution (SR). However, early Transformer-based approaches that rely on self-attention within non-overlapping windows encounter…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-18 Cansu Korkmaz , A. Murat Tekalp

While Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) have achieved notable progress in video generation, this long-sequence generation task remains constrained by the quadratic complexity inherent to self-attention mechanisms, creating significant barriers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yuxi Liu , Yipeng Hu , Zekun Zhang , Kunze Jiang , Kun Yuan

Current hierarchical attention methods, such as NSA and InfLLMv2, select the top-k relevant key-value (KV) blocks based on coarse attention scores and subsequently apply fine-grained softmax attention on the selected tokens. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuxiang Huang , Nuno M. T. Gonçalves , Federico Alvetreti , Lei Li , Xu Han , Edoardo M. Ponti , André F. T. Martins , Marcos V. Treviso

Transformer-based models have become ubiquitous in natural language processing thanks to their large capacity, innate parallelism and high performance. The contextualizing component of a Transformer block is the $\textit{pairwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Ankit Gupta , Jonathan Berant

The Transformer is a highly successful deep learning model that has revolutionised the world of artificial neural networks, first in natural language processing and later in computer vision. This model is based on the attention mechanism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Riccardo Ughi , Eugenio Lomurno , Matteo Matteucci

Transformer-based models, such as BERT and GPT, have been widely adopted in natural language processing (NLP) due to their exceptional performance. However, recent studies show their vulnerability to textual adversarial attacks where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Lujia Shen , Yuwen Pu , Shouling Ji , Changjiang Li , Xuhong Zhang , Chunpeng Ge , Ting Wang

Transformers have been successfully applied to the visual tracking task and significantly promote tracking performance. The self-attention mechanism designed to model long-range dependencies is the key to the success of Transformers.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Zhihong Fu , Zehua Fu , Qingjie Liu , Wenrui Cai , Yunhong Wang

The advent of Transformers marked a significant breakthrough in sequence modelling, providing a highly performant architecture capable of leveraging GPU parallelism. However, Transformers are computationally expensive at inference time,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Leo Feng , Frederick Tung , Hossein Hajimirsadeghi , Mohamed Osama Ahmed , Yoshua Bengio , Greg Mori

In recent years, the long-range attention mechanism of vision transformers has driven significant performance breakthroughs across various computer vision tasks. However, the traditional self-attention mechanism, which processes both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Tianyi Zhang , Baoxin Li , Jae-sun Seo , Yu Cao

With the rise of Transformer models in NLP and CV domain, Multi-Head Attention has been proven to be a game-changer. However, its expensive computation poses challenges to the model throughput and efficiency, especially for the long…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-12 Jiing-Ping Wang , Ming-Guang Lin , An-Yeu , Wu

Autoregressive conditional image generation models have emerged as a dominant paradigm in text-to-image synthesis. These methods typically convert images into one-dimensional token sequences and leverage the self-attention mechanism, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Xunzhi Xiang , Qi Fan

A key advantage of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) over Transformers is their linear computational and space complexity enables faster training and inference for long sequences. However, RNNs are fundamentally unable to randomly access…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xiang Hu , Jiaqi Leng , Jun Zhao , Kewei Tu , Wei Wu