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Observations of ultra-hot Jupiters offer an unprecedented opportunity to study the physics of some of the most extreme planetary atmospheres known. With exceedingly high amounts of irradiation blasting their upper atmospheres, ultra-hot…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-04 Stefan Pelletier , Daniel Kitzmann , Valentina Vaulato , Ana Rita Costa Silva , Michal Steiner , David Ehrenreich

Ultra-hot Jupiters are the most highly irradiated gas giant planets, with equilibrium temperatures from 2000 to over 4000 K. Ultra-hot Jupiters are amenable to characterization due to their high temperatures, inflated radii, and short…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-15 Joshua D. Lothringer , Travis S. Barman

We study the emergent spectral fluxes of transiting hot Jupiters, using secondary eclipses from Spitzer. To achieve a large and uniform sample, we have re-analyzed all secondary eclipses for all hot Jupiters observed by Spitzer at 3.6-…

Thousands of transiting exoplanets have been discovered, but spectral analysis of their atmospheres has so far been dominated by a small number of exoplanets and data spanning relatively narrow wavelength ranges (such as 1.1 to 1.7 {\mu}m).…

[Abridged] A key hypothesis in the field of exoplanet atmospheres is the trend of atmospheric thermal structure with planetary equilibrium temperature. We explore this trend and report here the first statistical detection of a transition in…

Thermal emission has now been observed from many dozens of exoplanet atmospheres, opening the gateway to population-level characterization. Here, we provide theoretical explanations for observed trends in $\textit{Spitzer}$ IRAC channel 1…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-07 Jayesh M Goyal , Nikole K Lewis , Hannah R Wakeford , Ryan J MacDonald , Nathan J Mayne

Warm giant planets with orbital periods of tens of days exhibit a positive correlation between mass and eccentricity. We interpret this trend as the outcome of planet-planet scattering, representing a transition from collision-dominated…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-25 Jiayin Dong , Eve J. Lee , Eiichiro Kokubo , Ruth Murray-Clay , Arvind Gupta

Royal Society Discussion Meeting (2013) `Characterizing exoplanets'. Of the 900+ confirmed exoplanets discovered since 1995 for which we have constraints on their mass (i.e., not including Kepler candidates), 75% have masses larger than…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-19 Leigh N. Fletcher , Patrick G. J. Irwin , Joanna K. Barstow , Remco J. de Kok , Jae-Min Lee , Suzanne Aigrain

Clouds have an important role in the atmospheres of planetary bodies. It is expected that, like all the planetary bodies in our solar system, exoplanet atmospheres will also have substantial cloud coverage, and evidence is mounting for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-14 Hannah R. Wakeford , David K. Sing

We present evidence for a correlation between the observed properties of hot Jupiter emission spectra and the activity levels of the host stars measured using Ca II H & K emission lines. We find that planets with dayside emission spectra…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Heather A. Knutson , Andrew W. Howard , Howard Isaacson

In recent years, a number of observations have been made of the transits of 'Hot Jupiters', such as HD 189733b, which have been modelled to derive atmospheric structure and composition. As measurement techniques improve, the transit spectra…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Patrick G. J. Irwin , Joanna K. Barstow , Neil E. Bowles , Leigh N. Fletcher , Suzanne Aigrain , Jae-Min Lee

The composition of a planet's atmosphere is determined by its formation, evolution, and present-day insolation. A planet's spectrum therefore may hold clues on its origins. We present a "chain" of models, linking the formation of a planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-23 Christoph Mordasini , Roy van Boekel , Paul Mollière , Thomas Henning , Björn Benneke

Recent observations show distinct orbital architectures for hot and warm Jupiters: hot Jupiters span a wide range of stellar obliquities and tend to host distant companions without close-by companions, whereas warm Jupiters are often…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-25 Julia Esposito , Gongjie Li , Songhu Wang

The study of exoplanet atmospheres showed large diversity compared to the planets in our solar system. Especially Jupiter type exoplanets orbiting their host star in close orbits, the so-called hot and ultra-hot Jupiters, have been studied…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-03 Engin Keles

This study considers the characteristics of planetary systems with giant planets based on a population-level analysis of the California Legacy Survey planet catalog. We identified three characteristics common to hot Jupiters. First, while…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-04 Jon Zink , Andrew Howard

First generation optical coronagraphic telescopes will obtain images of cool gas and ice giant exoplanets around nearby stars. The albedo spectra of exoplanets at planet-star separations larger than about 1 AU are dominated by reflected…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Kerri L. Cahoy , Mark S. Marley , Jonathan J. Fortney

Hot Jupiters are the most studied and easily detectable exoplanets for transit observations.However, the correlation between the atmospheric flow and the emission spectra of such planets is still not understood. Due to huge day-night…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-04 Soumya Sengupta , Sujan Sengupta

Extremely irradiated hot Jupiters, exoplanets reaching dayside temperatures ${>}$2000 K, stretch our understanding of planetary atmospheres and the models we use to interpret observations. While these objects are planets in every other…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Joshua D. Lothringer , Travis Barman , Tommi Koskinen

The population of hot Jupiters is extremely diverse, with large variations in their irradiation, period, gravity and chemical composition. To understand the intrinsic planet diversity through the observed population level trends, we explore…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-16 Alexander Roth , Vivien Parmentier , Mark Hammond
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