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In this letter, we demonstrate a technique of making an ultrastable laser referenced to a multi-cavity, corresponding to a lower thermal noise limit due to the larger equivalent beam size. The multi-cavity consists of several pairs of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-02-07 Zhaoyang Tai , Lulu Yan , Yanyan Zhang , Pan Zhang , Xiaofei Zhang , Wenge Guo , Shougang Zhang , Haifeng Jiang

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is essential for suppressing laser frequency noise in space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories such as LISA. However, current second-generation TDI schemes often exhibit undesirable null frequencies…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-19 Gang Wang

Context. Galactic binaries account for the loudest combined continuous gravitational wave signal in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) band, which spans a frequency range of 0.1 mHz to 1 Hz. Aims. A superposition of low frequency…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-18 Kristen Lackeos , Tyson B. Littenberg , Neil J. Cornish , James I. Thorpe

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is designed to detect a variety of gravitational-wave events, including mergers of massive black hole binaries, stellar-mass black hole inspirals, and extreme mass-ratio inspirals. LISA's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-28 Aasim Jan , Richard O'Shaughnessy , Deirdre Shoemaker , Jacob Lange

Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) is often utilized in the data pre-processing of space-based gravitational wave detectors, primarily for suppressing laser frequency noise. About twenty years ago, assuming armlengths remain constant over…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-08-30 Weisheng Huang , Pan-Pan Wang , Yu-Jie Tan , Cheng-Gang Shao

We demonstrate phase and frequency stabilization of a diode laser at the thermal noise limit of a passive optical cavity. The system is compact and exploits a cavity design that reduces vibration sensitivity. The sub-Hz laser is…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. D. Ludlow , X. Huang* , M. Notcutt , T. Zanon , S. M. Foreman , M. M. Boyd , S. Blatt , J. Ye

We present a laser system with a linewidth and long-term frequency stability at the 50 kHz level. It is based on a Ti:Sapphire laser emitting radiation at 882 nm which is referenced to an atomic transition. For this, the length of an…

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will observe gravitational waves in the millihertz frequency band, detecting signals from a vast number of astrophysical sources embedded in instrumental noise. Extracting individual signals…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-30 Niklas Houba

We have implemented a simple and cost-effective digital system for long-term frequency stabilisation and locking to an arbitrary wavelength of the single-frequency ring CW Ti:Sapphire laser. This system is built around two confocal…

Multimode intracavity frequency-doubled lasers can reach states of amplitude noise suppression orders of magnitude beyond the predictions of independent-mode partition statistics. We show that the chi2 coupled-wave dynamics in the doubling…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-19 Thomas M. Baer

We experimentally demonstrate a novel interferometric architecture for next-generation gravity missions, featuring a laser ranging interferometer (LRI) that enables monoaxial transmission and reception of laser beams between two optical…

Heterodyne interferometry for precision science often comes with an optical phase modulation, for example, for intersatellite clock noise transfer for gravitational wave (GW) detectors in space, exemplified by the Laser Interferometer Space…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-22 Kohei Yamamoto , Olaf Hartwig , Lennart Wissel , Holly Leopardi , Kenji Numata , Ryan Derosa

With a laser interferometric gravitational-wave detector in separate free flying spacecraft, the only way to achieve detection is to mitigate the dominant noise arising from the frequency fluctuations of the lasers via postprocessing. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-27 Quentin Baghi , John Baker , Jacob Slutsky , James Ira Thorpe

The LISA Pathfinder mission to space employs an optical metrology system (OMS) at its core to measure the distance and attitude between two freely floating test-masses to picometer and nanorad accuracy, respectively, within the measurement…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-08-01 Gerald Hechenblaikner , Reinhold Flatscher

We report an investigation of laser frequency stabilization using a whispering gallery mode resonator that is temperature stabilized by a dual-mode technique. This dual-mode technique has yielded mode volume temperature instabilities at the…

Optics · Physics 2013-01-01 Lukas M. Baumgartel , Robert J. Thompson , Nan Yu

The extreme weakness of the gravitational interaction has as one of its consequences that appreciable intensities of gravitational waves (GW) can only be generated in large size astrophysical and cosmological sources. Earth based detectors…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Alberto Lobo

Tilt-to-length (TTL) noise, caused by angular jitter and misalignment, is a major noise source in the inter-satellite interferometer for gravitational wave detection. However, the required level of axis alignment of the optical components…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-04-11 Peng Qiu , Xiang Lin , Yurong Liang , Hao Yan , Haixing Miao , Zebing Zhou

The planned Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will detect gravitational wave signals from a wide range of sources. However, disentangling individual signals from the source-dominated data stream is a challenging problem and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-15 Jonathan R Gair , Gareth Jones

Light from a Tm,Ho:YLF laser operating at 2051 nm is frequency doubled then coupled into a high Fabry-Perot cavity with manufacturer quoted finesse in excess of 300,000. The frequency of the laser is stabilized using the Pound-Drever-Hall…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-05-24 Adam Kleczewski , Matthew Hoffman , Eric Magnuson , Boris Blinov , Norval Fortson