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Many works in explainable AI have focused on explaining black-box classification models. Explaining deep reinforcement learning (RL) policies in a manner that could be understood by domain users has received much less attention. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Ronny Luss , Amit Dhurandhar , Miao Liu

With the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), navigating for EV drivers to select a cost-effective charging station has become an important yet challenging issue due to dynamic traffic conditions, fluctuating electricity prices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Tianyang Qi , Shibo Chen , Jun Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has received a lot of attention from the research community in recent years. As the technology moves away from game playing to practical contexts, such as autonomous vehicles and robotics, it is crucial to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Matteo Biagiola , Paolo Tonella

In scheduling problems common in the industry and various real-world scenarios, responding in real-time to disruptive events is essential. Recent methods propose the use of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to learn policies capable of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Imanol Echeverria , Maialen Murua , Roberto Santana

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents that exist in high-dimensional state spaces, such as those composed of images, have interconnected learning burdens. Agents must learn an action-selection policy that completes their given task, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Trevor McInroe , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht

The increasing demand for autonomous systems in complex and dynamic environments has driven significant research into intelligent path planning methodologies. For decades, graph-based search algorithms, linear programming techniques, and…

Despite numerous successes in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), the learned policies are not interpretable. Moreover, since DRL does not exploit symbolic relational representations, it has difficulties in coping with structural changes in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Rishi Hazra , Luc De Raedt

Navigating and understanding complex and unknown environments autonomously demands more than just basic perception and movement from embodied agents. Truly effective exploration requires agents to possess higher-level cognitive abilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Abdel Hakim Drid , Vincenzo Suriani , Daniele Nardi , Abderrezzak Debilou

On-policy reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have demonstrated great potential in robotic control, where effective exploration is crucial for efficient and high-quality policy learning. However, how to encourage the agent to explore the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Leixin Chang , Xinchen Yao , Ben Liu , Liangjing Yang , Hua Chen

In session-based or sequential recommendation, it is important to consider a number of factors like long-term user engagement, multiple types of user-item interactions such as clicks, purchases etc. The current state-of-the-art supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Xin Xin , Alexandros Karatzoglou , Ioannis Arapakis , Joemon M. Jose

The recommender system is an important form of intelligent application, which assists users to alleviate from information redundancy. Among the metrics used to evaluate a recommender system, the metric of conversion has become more and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Dongyang Zhao , Liang Zhang , Bo Zhang , Lizhou Zheng , Yongjun Bao , Weipeng Yan

Interactive adaptive systems powered by Reinforcement Learning (RL) have many potential applications, such as intelligent tutoring systems. In such systems there is typically an external human system designer that is creating, monitoring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Ramtin Keramati , Emma Brunskill

Reinforcement Learning (RL) heavily relies on the careful design of the reward function. However, accurately assigning rewards to each state-action pair in Long-Term Reinforcement Learning (LTRL) tasks remains a significant challenge. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Qi Ju , Falin Hei , Zhemei Fang , Yunfeng Luo

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Deep Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) have achieved significant successes across a wide range of domains, including game AI, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and so on. However, DRL and deep MARL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Jianye Hao , Tianpei Yang , Hongyao Tang , Chenjia Bai , Jinyi Liu , Zhaopeng Meng , Peng Liu , Zhen Wang

Neural networks are effective function approximators, but hard to train in the reinforcement learning (RL) context mainly because samples are correlated. For years, scholars have got around this by employing experience replay or an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Budi Kurniawan , Peter Vamplew , Michael Papasimeon , Richard Dazeley , Cameron Foale

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have proven transformative in a range of domains. To tackle real-world domains, these systems often use neural networks to learn policies directly from pixels or other high-dimensional sensory input.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Nishil Patel , Sebastian Lee , Stefano Sarao Mannelli , Sebastian Goldt , Andrew Saxe

Reinforcement learning (RL) in non-stationary environments is challenging, as changing dynamics and rewards quickly make past experiences outdated. Traditional experience replay (ER) methods, especially those using TD-error prioritization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Tianyang Duan , Zongyuan Zhang , Songxiao Guo , Yuanye Zhao , Zheng Lin , Zihan Fang , Yi Liu , Dianxin Luan , Dong Huang , Heming Cui , Yong Cui

Reinforcement learning (RL) involves sequential decision making in uncertain environments. The aim of the decision-making agent is to maximize the benefit of acting in its environment over an extended period of time. Finding an optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Istvan Szita , Balint Takacs , Andras Lorincz

Conveying complex objectives to reinforcement learning (RL) agents can often be difficult, involving meticulous design of reward functions that are sufficiently informative yet easy enough to provide. Human-in-the-loop RL methods allow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Kimin Lee , Laura Smith , Pieter Abbeel

An internet network service provider manages its network with multiple objectives, such as high quality of service (QoS) and minimum computing resource usage. To achieve these objectives, a reinforcement learning-based (RL) algorithm has…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-17 DongNyeong Heo , Daniela Noemi Rim , Heeyoul Choi