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The backpropagation algorithm has long been the canonical training method for neural networks. Modern paradigms are implicitly optimized for it, and numerous guidelines exist to ensure its proper use. Recently, synthetic gradients methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-12 Julien Launay , Iacopo Poli , Florent Krzakala

Artificial neural networks are most commonly trained with the back-propagation algorithm, where the gradient for learning is provided by back-propagating the error, layer by layer, from the output layer to the hidden layers. A recently…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-12-22 Arild Nøkland

In an attempt to better understand generalization in deep learning, we study several possible explanations. We show that implicit regularization induced by the optimization method is playing a key role in generalization and success of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Behnam Neyshabur

In this effort, we propose a new deep architecture utilizing residual blocks inspired by implicit discretization schemes. As opposed to the standard feed-forward networks, the outputs of the proposed implicit residual blocks are defined as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Viktor Reshniak , Clayton Webster

A widely believed explanation for the remarkable generalization capacities of overparameterized neural networks is that the optimization algorithms used for training induce an implicit bias towards benign solutions. To grasp this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Maria Matveev , Vit Fojtik , Hung-Hsu Chou , Gitta Kutyniok , Johannes Maly

Efforts to understand the generalization mystery in deep learning have led to the belief that gradient-based optimization induces a form of implicit regularization, a bias towards models of low "complexity." We study the implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Sanjeev Arora , Nadav Cohen , Wei Hu , Yuping Luo

We propose a novel regularization algorithm to train deep neural networks, in which data at training time is severely biased. Since a neural network efficiently learns data distribution, a network is likely to learn the bias information to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Byungju Kim , Hyunwoo Kim , Kyungsu Kim , Sungjin Kim , Junmo Kim

Supervised learning in deep neural networks is commonly performed using error backpropagation. However, the sequential propagation of errors during the backward pass limits its scalability and applicability to low-powered neuromorphic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Florian Bacho , Dominique Chu

In inductive transfer learning, fine-tuning pre-trained convolutional networks substantially outperforms training from scratch. When using fine-tuning, the underlying assumption is that the pre-trained model extracts generic features, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Xuhong Li , Yves Grandvalet , Franck Davoine

Deep learning models continue to advance in accuracy, yet they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which often lead to the misclassification of adversarial examples. Adversarial training is used to mitigate this problem by increasing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Leo Hyun Park , Jaeuk Kim , Myung Gyo Oh , Jaewoo Park , Taekyoung Kwon

Feed-forward neural networks can be understood as a combination of an intermediate representation and a linear hypothesis. While most previous works aim to diversify the representations, we explore the complementary direction by performing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Han Zhao , Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Geoffrey J. Gordon

Alternatives to backpropagation have long been studied to better understand how biological brains may learn. Recently, they have also garnered interest as a way to train neural networks more efficiently. By relaxing constraints inherent to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Matthew J. Filipovich , Alessandro Cappelli , Daniel Hesslow , Julien Launay

Adversarial training has been widely acknowledged as the most effective method to improve the adversarial robustness against adversarial examples for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). So far, most existing works focus on enhancing the overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Zeming Wei , Yifei Wang , Yiwen Guo , Yisen Wang

Graph neural networks are recognized for their strong performance across various applications, with the backpropagation algorithm playing a central role in the development of most GNN models. However, despite its effectiveness, BP has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Gongpei Zhao , Tao Wang , Congyan Lang , Yi Jin , Yidong Li , Haibin Ling

We approach the problem of implicit regularization in deep learning from a geometrical viewpoint. We highlight a regularization effect induced by a dynamical alignment of the neural tangent features introduced by Jacot et al, along a small…

Mathematically characterizing the implicit regularization induced by gradient-based optimization is a longstanding pursuit in the theory of deep learning. A widespread hope is that a characterization based on minimization of norms may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Noam Razin , Nadav Cohen

When optimizing over-parameterized models, such as deep neural networks, a large set of parameters can achieve zero training error. In such cases, the choice of the optimization algorithm and its respective hyper-parameters introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Gauthier Gidel , Francis Bach , Simon Lacoste-Julien

Continual learning of deep neural networks is a key requirement for scaling them up to more complex applicative scenarios and for achieving real lifelong learning of these architectures. Previous approaches to the problem have considered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Jary Pomponi , Simone Scardapane , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Aurelio Uncini

A candidate explanation of the good empirical performance of deep neural networks is the implicit regularization effect of first order optimization methods. Inspired by this, we prove a convergence theorem for nonconvex composite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Dávid Terjék , Diego González-Sánchez

In natural vision, feedback connections support versatile visual inference capabilities such as making sense of the occluded or noisy bottom-up sensory information or mediating pure top-down processes such as imagination. However, the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-01 Tahereh Toosi , Elias B. Issa