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Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes are promising for realizing scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation due to their potential for low-overhead protocols. A common approach to decoding qLDPC codes is to use the belief…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Kento Tsubouchi , Hayata Yamasaki , Shiro Tamiya

Magic states are a foundational resource for universal quantum computation. To survive in a realistic noisy environment, magic states must be prepared fault-tolerantly and protected by a quantum error-correcting code. The recent discovery…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Dominic J. Williamson

Fault-tolerant logical entangling gates are essential for scalable quantum computing, but are limited by the error rates and overheads of physical two-qubit gates and measurements. To address this limitation, we introduce phantom…

Fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) schemes using large block codes that encode $k>1$ qubits in $n$ physical qubits can potentially reduce the resource overhead to a great extent because of their high encoding rate. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 Yi-Cong Zheng , Ching-Yi Lai , Todd A. Brun , Leong-Chuan Kwek

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving computational problems which are intractable using conventional methods. For fault-tolerant operation quantum computers must correct errors occurring due to unavoidable decoherence and limited…

Quantum low-density parity-check codes are a promising approach to fault-tolerant quantum computation, offering potential advantages in rate and decoding efficiency. In this work, we introduce quantum Margulis codes, a new class of QLDPC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Michele Pacenti , Dimitris Chytas , Bane Vasic

Building scalable quantum computers requires quantum error-correcting codes that enable reliable operations in the presence of noise. Motivated by such need, this paper introduces two constructions of high-rate, quantum dual-containing (DC)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Alessio Baldelli , Marco Baldi , Massimo Battaglioni , Franco Chiaraluce , Paolo Santini

Quantum code surgery offers a flexible, low-overhead framework for executing logical measurements within quantum error-correcting codes. It encompasses several fault-tolerant logical computation schemes, including parallel surgery,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Andrew C. Yuan , Alexander Cowtan , Zhiyang He , Ting-Chun Lin , Dominic J. Williamson

Quantum error correction is the building block for constructing fault-tolerant quantum processors that can operate reliably even if its constituting elements are corrupted by decoherence. In this context, real-time decoding is a necessity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-15 Antonio deMarti iOlius , Josu Etxezarreta Martinez

Recently Shor showed how to perform fault tolerant quantum computation when the error probability is logarithmically small. We improve this bound and describe fault tolerant quantum computation when the error probability is smaller than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Dorit Aharonov , Michael Ben-Or

Quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, a class of quantum error correcting codes, are considered a blueprint for scalable quantum circuits. To use these codes, one needs efficient decoding algorithms. In the classical setting, there…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-13 Anirudh Krishna , Inbal Livni Navon , Mary Wootters

Efficient and high-performance quantum error correction is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. Low-depth random circuits offer a promising approach to identifying effective and practical encoding strategies. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Guoding Liu , Zhenyu Du , Zi-Wen Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes provide a practical balance between error-correction capability and implementation complexity in quantum error correction (QEC). In this paper, we propose an algebraic construction based on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Alessio Baldelli , Massimo Battaglioni , Jonathan Mandelbaum , Sisi Miao , Laurent Schmalen

We consider the problem of fault-tolerant quantum computation in the presence of slow error diagnostics, either caused by measurement latencies or slow decoding algorithms. Our scheme offers a few improvements over previously existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-08 Christopher Chamberland , Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes with good parameters are promising candidates for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing, but their non-local stabilizers require long-range connectivity and frequent qubit movement,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Swayangprabha Shaw , Narayanan Rengaswamy

Error correcting codes use multi-qubit measurements to realize fault-tolerant quantum logic steps. In fact, the resources needed to scale-up fault-tolerant quantum computing hardware are largely set by this task. Tailoring next-generation…

We study parallel fault-tolerant quantum computing for families of homological quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes defined on 3-manifolds with constant or almost-constant encoding rate. We derive generic formula for a transversal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Guanyu Zhu , Shehryar Sikander , Elia Portnoy , Andrew W. Cross , Benjamin J. Brown

Although high-threshold and low-overhead quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, such as bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, can reduce the physical-qubit cost by an order of magnitude compared to the Kitaev toric code, their torus layout…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Zijian Liang , Jens Niklas Eberhardt , Yu-An Chen

As progress on experimental quantum processors continues to advance, the problem of verifying the correct operation of such devices is becoming a pressing concern. The recent discovery of protocols for verifying computation performed by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-03 Michal Hajdušek , Carlos A. Pérez-Delgado , Joseph F. Fitzsimons

Designing quantum error correcting codes that promise a high error threshold, low resource overhead and efficient decoding algorithms is crucial to achieve large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. The concatenated quantum Hamming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Menglong Fang , Daiqin Su