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We introduce birack brackets, skein invariants of birack-colored framed classical and virtual knots and links with values in a commutative unital ring. The multiset of birack bracket values over the homset from a framed link's fundamental…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Sam Nelson , Haoqi Tom Tang

A birack is an algebraic structure with axioms encoding the blackboard-framed Reidemeister moves, incorporating quandles, racks, strong biquandles and semiquandles as special cases. In this paper we extend the counting invariant for finite…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-12-23 Sam Nelson

Biracks are algebraic structures related to knots and links. We define a new enhancement of the birack counting invariant for oriented classical and virtual knots and links via algebraic structures called birack dynamical cocycles. The new…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-05-22 Sam Nelson , Emily Watterberg

Biquandle brackets define invariants of classical and virtual knots and links using skein invariants of biquandle-colored knots and links. Biquandle coloring quivers categorify the biquandle counting invariant in the sense of defining…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-09-14 Pia Cosma Falkenburg , Sam Nelson

We generalise the finite biquandle colouring invariant to a polynomial invariant based on labelling a knot diagram with a finite birack that reduces to the biquandle colouring invariant in that case. The polynomial is an invariant of a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Andrew Bartholomew , Roger Fenn , Louis Kauffman

We define a family of quiver representation-valued invariants of oriented classical and virtual knots and links associated to a choice of finite quandle $X$, abelian group $A$, set of quandle 2-cocycles $C\subset H^2_Q(x;A)$, choice of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Sam Nelson

We consider a quiver structure on the set of quandle colorings of an oriented knot or link diagram. This structure contains a wealth of knot and link invariants and provides a categorification of the quandle counting invariant in the most…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Karina Cho , Sam Nelson

In the paper, we introduce the notion of a (virtual) multi-switch which generalizes the notion of a (virtual) switch. Using (virtual) multi-switches we introduce a general approach on how to construct representations of (virtual) braid…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-23 Valeriy Bardakov , Timur Nasybullov

We define a new algebraic structure called a \emph{pointed rack} and use it to construct ambient isotopy invariants of $ n $-braids. We first introduce an integer-valued invariant of braids using pointed racks. This is then strengthened by…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-08-06 Angel Apollos , Jose Ceniceros

Biquandle brackets are a type of quantum enhancement of the biquandle counting invariant for oriented knots and links, defined by a set of skein relations with coefficients which are functions of biquandle colors at a crossing. In this…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Neslihan Gügümcü , Sam Nelson , Natsumi Oyamaguchi

Construction of representations of braid group generators from $N$-state vertex models provide an elegant route to study knot and link invariants. Using such a braid group representation, an algebraic formula for the link invariants was put…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-11 Saswati Dhara , Romesh K. Kaul , P. Ramadevi , Vivek Kumar Singh

We study the crossing matrix of a braid and introduce a polynomial invariant for braid systems that is invariant under Hurwitz equivalence. As an application to the study of surface braids and surface links, we also define an invariant that…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Ayaka Shimizu , Yoshiro Yaguchi

The notion of a braided chord diagram is introduced and studied. An equivalence relation is given which identifies all braidings of a fixed chord diagram. It is shown that finite-type invariants are stratified by braid index for knots which…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Joan S. Birman , Rolland Trapp

We identify a subcategory of biracks which define counting invariants of unoriented links, which we call involutory biracks. In particular, involutory biracks of birack rank N=1 are biquandles, which we call bikei. We define counting…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-04-25 Sinan Aksoy , Sam Nelson

We introduce the notion of a braiding on a skew monoidal category, whose curious feature is that the defining isomorphisms involve three objects rather than two. These braidings are shown to arise from, and classify, cobraidings (also known…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-29 John Bourke , Stephen Lack

This paper is a survey on invariants of representations of quivers and their generalizations. We present the description of generating systems for invariants and relations between generators.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2009-04-27 A. A. Lopatin , A. N. Zubkov

We describe an alternative way of computing Alexander polynomials of knots/links, based on the Artin representation of the corresponding braids by automorphisms of a free group. Then we apply the same method to other representations of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Vladimir Shpilrain

We describe presentations of braid groups of type ADE and show how these presentations are compatible with mutation of quivers, building on work of Barot and Marsh for Coxeter groups. In types A and D these presentations can be understood…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-21 Joseph Grant , Bethany Marsh

We introduce an infinite family of quiver representation-valued invariants of classical, virtual and surface-knots and links associated to a choice of finite biquandle, commutative unital ring, biquandle module and set of biquandle…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Yewon Joung , Sam Nelson

We introduce quiver representation-valued invariants of oriented virtual knots and links associated to a choice of finite virtual biquandle, abelian group, set of virtual Boltzmann weights, commutative unital ring and set of virtual…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Alexander Bishop , Jose Ceniceros , Sam Nelson
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