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Explaining the foundations for predictions obtained from graph neural networks (GNNs) is critical for credible use of GNN models for real-world problems. Owing to the rapid growth of GNN applications, recent progress in explaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Hyeoncheol Cho , Youngrock Oh , Eunjoo Jeon

Current Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) suffer from the over-smoothing problem, which results in indistinguishable node representations and low model performance with more GNN layers. Many methods have been put forward to tackle this problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Xinshun Feng , Herun Wan , Shangbin Feng , Hongrui Wang , Jun Zhou , Qinghua Zheng , Minnan Luo

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) perform computations on graphs by routing the signal between graph regions using a graph shift operator or a message passing scheme. Often, the propagation of the signal leads to a loss of information, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Eden Nagar , Ya-Wei Eileen Lin , Ron Levie

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have achieved remarkable learning ability for dealing with various graph structural data recently. In general, deep GCNs do not work well since graph convolution in conventional GCNs is a special form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Zhilong Xiong , Jia Cai

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) suffer from over-smoothing in deep architectures and expressiveness bounded by the 1-Weisfeiler-Leman (1-WL) test. We adapt Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections (\mhc)~\citep{xie2025mhc}, recently proposed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Subhankar Mishra

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have shown promising results in processing graph data by extracting structure-aware features. This gave rise to extensive work in geometric deep learning, focusing on designing network architectures that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Yimeng Min , Frederik Wenkel , Guy Wolf

Session-based recommendation systems suggest relevant items to users by modeling user behavior and preferences using short-term anonymous sessions. Existing methods leverage Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) that propagate and aggregate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Sai Mitheran , Abhinav Java , Surya Kant Sahu , Arshad Shaikh

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become the state-of-the-art method for many applications on graph structured data. GNNs are a model for graph representation learning, which aims at learning to generate low dimensional node embeddings that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Davide Buffelli , Fabio Vandin

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) are Graph Neural Networks where the convolutions are applied over a graph. In contrast to Convolutional Neural Networks, GCN's are designed to perform inference on graphs, where the number of nodes can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Adrian Moldovan , Angel Caţaron , Răzvan Andonie

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are designed to process data associated with graphs. They are finding an increasing range of applications; however, as with other modern machine learning techniques, their theoretical understanding is limited.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-23 O. Duranthon , L. Zdeborová

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely used to compute representations of node pairs for downstream tasks such as link prediction. Yet, theoretical understanding of their expressive power has focused almost entirely on graph-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Veronica Lachi , Francesco Ferrini , Antonio Longa , Bruno Lepri , Andrea Passerini , Manfred Jaeger

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), a type of neural network that can learn from graph-structured data through neighborhood information aggregation, have shown superior performance in various downstream tasks. However, as the number of layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Jingbo Zhou , Yixuan Du , Ruqiong Zhang , Jun Xia , Zhizhi Yu , Zelin Zang , Di Jin , Carl Yang , Rui Zhang , Stan Z. Li

The performance of graph neural nets (GNNs) is known to gradually decrease with increasing number of layers. This decay is partly attributed to oversmoothing, where repeated graph convolutions eventually make node embeddings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Lingxiao Zhao , Leman Akoglu

The complicated syntax structure of natural language is hard to be explicitly modeled by sequence-based models. Graph is a natural structure to describe the complicated relation between tokens. The recent advance in Graph Neural Networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Wei Li , Shuheng Li , Shuming Ma , Yancheng He , Deli Chen , Xu Sun

A graph neural network (GNN) approach is introduced in this work which enables mesh-based three-dimensional super-resolution of fluid flows. In this framework, the GNN is designed to operate not on the full mesh-based field at once, but on…

In this work, we propose a methodology for investigating the use of semantic attention to enhance the explainability of Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based models. Graph Deep Learning (GDL) has emerged as a promising field for tasks like scene…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Efimia Panagiotaki , Daniele De Martini , Lars Kunze

Oversmoothing is a central challenge of building more powerful Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). While previous works have only demonstrated that oversmoothing is inevitable when the number of graph convolutions tends to infinity, in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Xinyi Wu , Zhengdao Chen , William Wang , Ali Jadbabaie

Graph Neural Network (GNN) resembles the diffusion process, leading to the over-smoothing of learned representations when stacking many layers. Hence, the reverse process of message passing can produce the distinguishable node…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-12 MoonJeong Park , Jaeseung Heo , Dongwoo Kim

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have established themselves as the preferred methodology in a multitude of domains, ranging from computer vision to computational biology, especially in contexts where data inherently conform to graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Yifan Qu , Oliver Krzysik , Hans De Sterck , Omer Ege Kara

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have achieved promising performance on various graph-based tasks. However they suffer from over-smoothing when stacking more layers. In this paper, we present a quantitative study on this observation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Hongwei Zhang , Tijin Yan , Zenjun Xie , Yuanqing Xia , Yuan Zhang