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Related papers: Operator growth in 2d CFT

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In this work we develop a real-time Schwinger-Keldysh formulation of Krylov dynamics that treats Krylov complexity as an in-in observable generated by a closed time contour path integral. The resulting generating functional exposes an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Jeff Murugan , Hendrik J. R. van Zyl

We derive an explicit expression for the $1/c$ contribution to the Virasoro blocks in 2D CFT in the limit of large $c$ with fixed values of the operators' dimensions. We follow the direct approach of orthonormalising, at order $1/c$, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-30 Alessandro Bombini , Stefano Giusto , Rodolfo Russo

The question of thermalization in quantum many-body systems has long been studied through the properties of matrix elements of operators corresponding to local observables. More recently, the focus has shifted to the dynamics of operators,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Vijay Ganesh Sadhasivam , Jan M. Rost , Stuart C. Althorpe

We discuss the structure of 2D conformal field theories (CFT) at central charge c=0 describing critical disordered systems, polymers and percolation. We construct a novel extension of the c=0 Virasoro algebra, characterized by a number b…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-06-25 V. Gurarie , A. W. W. Ludwig

Heisenberg time evolution under a chaotic many-body Hamiltonian $H$ transforms an initially simple operator into an increasingly complex one, as it spreads over Hilbert space. Krylov complexity, or `K-complexity', quantifies this growth…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-06-30 E. Rabinovici , A. Sánchez-Garrido , R. Shir , J. Sonner

This work addresses how the growth of invariant operators is influenced by their underlying symmetry structure. For this purpose, we introduce the symmetry-resolved Krylov complexity, which captures the time evolution of each block into…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-21 Pawel Caputa , Giuseppe Di Giulio , Tran Quang Loc

By making use of conformal mapping, we construct various time-evolution operators in (1+1) dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs), which take the form $\int dx\, f(x) \mathcal{H}(x)$, where $\mathcal{H}(x)$ is the Hamiltonian density…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-06-22 Xueda Wen , Shinsei Ryu , Andreas W. W. Ludwig

We discuss some general aspects of commutators of local operators in Lorentzian CFTs, which can be obtained from a suitable analytic continuation of the Euclidean operator product expansion (OPE). Commutators only make sense as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-02 Mert Besken , Jan de Boer , Grégoire Mathys

We study Krylov complexity in Schr\"odinger field theory in the grand canonical ensemble with chemical potential $\mu$, with an emphasis on the qualitatively new features that arise for $\mu>0$. In this regime the fermionic Wightman power…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-02 Peng-Zhang He , Lei-Hua Liu , Hai-Qing Zhang , Qing-Quan Jiang

Krylov complexity is considered to provide a measure of the growth of operators evolving under Hamiltonian dynamics. The main strategy is the analysis of the structure of Krylov subspace $\mathcal{K}_M(\mathcal{H},\eta)$ spanned by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Ryu Sasaki

One of the important aspects in recent trends in complex analysis has been the increasing degree of cross-fertilization between the latter and mathematical physics with great benefits to both subjects. Contour dynamics in the complex plane…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-05-07 Irina Markina , Alexander Vasil'ev

In the context of chaotic quantum many-body systems, we show that operator growth, as diagnosed by out-of-time-order correlators of local operators, also leaves a sharp imprint in out-of-time-order correlators of global operators. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Tianci Zhou , Brian Swingle

We investigate operator growth in quantum systems with two-dimensional Schr\"odinger group symmetry by studying the Krylov complexity. While feasible for semisimple Lie algebras, cases such as the Schr\"odinger algebra which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Dimitrios Patramanis , Watse Sybesma

The operator growth hypothesis (OGH) is a technical conjecture about the behaviour of operators -- specifically, the asymptotic growth of their Lanczos coefficients -- under repeated action by a Liouvillian. It is expected to hold for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 N. S. Srivatsa , Curt von Keyserlingk

The Lanczos algorithm, introduced by Cornelius Lanczos, has been known for a long time and is widely used in computational physics. While often employed to approximate extreme eigenvalues and eigenvectores of an operator, recently interest…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-12 J. Eckseler , M. Pieper , J. Schnack

We investigate the complexity of states and operators evolved with the modular Hamiltonian by using the Krylov basis. In the first part, we formulate the problem for states and analyse different examples, including quantum mechanics,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-27 Pawel Caputa , Javier M. Magan , Dimitrios Patramanis , Erik Tonni

We consider sl(2) minimal conformal field theories and the dual parafermion models. Guided by results for the critical A_L Restricted Solid-on-Solid (RSOS) models and its Virasoro modules expressed in terms of paths, we propose a general…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-12-09 Giovanni Feverati , Paul A. Pearce

In this study, we examined consequences of unconventional time development of two-dimensional conformal field theory induced by the $L_{1}$ and $L_{-1}$ operators, employing the formalism previously developed in a study of sine-square…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-26 Tsukasa Tada

We consider growth of local operators under Euclidean time evolution in lattice systems with local interactions. We derive rigorous bounds on the operator norm growth and then proceed to establish an analog of the Lieb-Robinson bound for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-18 Alexander Avdoshkin , Anatoly Dymarsky

We present a relation between conformal field theories (CFT) and radial stochastic Schramm-Loewner evolutions (SLE) similar to that we previously developed for the chordal SLEs. We construct an important local martingale using degenerate…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Michel Bauer , Denis Bernard