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Engineering problems that apply machine learning often involve computationally intensive methods but rely on limited datasets. As engineering data evolves with new designs and constraints, models must incorporate new knowledge over time.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Kaira M. Samuel , Faez Ahmed

Existing work in continual learning (CL) focuses on mitigating catastrophic forgetting, i.e., model performance deterioration on past tasks when learning a new task. However, the training efficiency of a CL system is under-investigated,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Zifeng Wang , Zheng Zhan , Yifan Gong , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Tong Jian , Bin Ren , Stratis Ioannidis , Yanzhi Wang , Jennifer Dy

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer severe catastrophic forgetting when adapted sequentially to new tasks in a continual learning (CL) setting. Existing approaches are fundamentally limited: replay-based methods are impractical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Shristi Das Biswas , Yue Zhang , Anwesan Pal , Radhika Bhargava , Kaushik Roy

We study continual learning in the large scale setting where tasks in the input sequence are not limited to classification, and the outputs can be of high dimension. Among multiple state-of-the-art methods, we found vanilla experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Yogesh Balaji , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Dong Yin , Alex Mott , Ang Li

Continual learning aims to emulate the human ability to continually accumulate knowledge over sequential tasks. The main challenge is to maintain performance on previously learned tasks after learning new tasks, i.e., to avoid catastrophic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Yunhao Ge , Yuecheng Li , Shuo Ni , Jiaping Zhao , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Laurent Itti

Inspired by the success of Self-supervised learning (SSL) in learning visual representations from unlabeled data, a few recent works have studied SSL in the context of continual learning (CL), where multiple tasks are learned sequentially,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Li Yang , Sen Lin , Fan Zhang , Junshan Zhang , Deliang Fan

With the emergence of wearable devices and other embedded systems, deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge platforms has become an urgent need. However, this is challenging because of their high computational and memory demands.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Ye Qiao , Zhiheng Chen , Yifan Zhang , Yian Wang , Sitao Huang

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced AI capabilities but pose considerable challenges for deployment on edge devices due to high computational demands, memory bandwidth constraints, and energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Maoyang Xiang , Ramesh Fernando , Bo Wang

The efficiency of Large Language Model~(LLM) inference is often constrained by substantial memory bandwidth and capacity demands. Existing techniques, such as pruning, quantization, and mixture of experts/depth, reduce memory capacity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Yunhua Fang , Zirak Burzin Engineer , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang

Continual learning (CL) promises to allow neural networks to learn from continuous streams of inputs, instead of IID (independent and identically distributed) sampling, which requires random access to a full dataset. This would allow for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Shivani Mall , Joao F. Henriques

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a mainstay for many everyday applications. However, as data evolve their knowledge quickly becomes outdated. Continual learning aims to update LLMs with new information without erasing previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Thomas Katraouras , Dimitrios Rafailidis

Balancing sensitivity to new tasks and stability for retaining past knowledge is crucial in continual learning (CL). Recently, sharpness-aware minimization has proven effective in transfer learning and has also been adopted in continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Wei Li , Hangjie Yuan , Zixiang Zhao , Yifan Zhu , Aojun Lu , Tao Feng , Yanan Sun

The computational and memory challenges of large language models (LLMs) have sparked several optimization approaches towards their efficient implementation. While prior LLM-targeted quantization, and prior works on sparse acceleration have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Abhishek Moitra , Arkapravo Ghosh , Shrey Agarwal , Aporva Amarnath , Karthik Swaminathan , Priyadarshini Panda

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices enhances privacy but faces performance hurdles due to limited resources. We introduce a systematic methodology to evaluate on-device LLMs, balancing capability, efficiency, and resource…

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a key technology for emerging applications such as automatic speech recognition, machine translation or image description. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks are the most successful RNN…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Franyell Silfa , Gem Dot , Jose-Maria Arnau , Antonio Gonzalez

Humans have a remarkable ability to quickly and effectively learn new concepts in a continuous manner without forgetting old knowledge. Though deep learning has made tremendous successes on various computer vision tasks, it faces challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Kun Wu , Chengxiang Yin , Jian Tang , Zhiyuan Xu , Yanzhi Wang , Dejun Yang

Continual learning (CL) aims to train models that can learn a sequence of tasks without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. A core challenge in CL is balancing stability -- preserving performance on old tasks -- and plasticity --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhenrong Liu , Janne M. J. Huttunen , Mikko Honkala

Continual learning (CL) aims to develop techniques by which a single model adapts to an increasing number of tasks encountered sequentially, thereby potentially leveraging learnings across tasks in a resource-efficient manner. A major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Rishabh Tiwari , Krishnateja Killamsetty , Rishabh Iyer , Pradeep Shenoy

A fundamental challenge in Continual Learning (CL) is catastrophic forgetting, where adapting to new tasks degrades the performance on previous ones. While the field has evolved with diverse methods, this rapid surge in diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Wenbin Li , Shangge Liu , Borui Kang , Yiyang Chen , KaXuan Lew , Yang Chen , Yinghuan Shi , Lei Wang , Yang Gao , Jiebo Luo

Implementing Machine Learning (ML) models on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is becoming increasingly popular across various domains as a low-latency and low-power solution that helps manage large data rates generated by continuously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Mohammad Mehdi Rahimifar , Hamza Ezzaoui Rahali , Audrey C. Therrien
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