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The increasing availability and accessibility of numerous overhead images allows us to estimate and assess the spatial arrangement of groups of geospatial target objects, which can benefit many applications, such as traffic monitoring and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Weiwei Duan , Yao-Yi Chiang , Stefan Leyk , Johannes H. Uhl , Craig A. Knoblock

This tutorial focuses on the fundamental architectures of Variational Autoencoders (VAE) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), disregarding their numerous variations, to highlight their core principles. Both VAE and GAN utilize simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yuan-Hao Wei

A key challenge in spatial statistics is the analysis for massive spatially-referenced data sets. Such analyses often proceed from Gaussian process specifications that can produce rich and robust inference, but involve dense covariance…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-25 Shinichiro Shirota , Andrew O. Finley , Bruce D. Cook , Sudipto Banerjee

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are well-established as a principled approach to probabilistic unsupervised learning with neural networks. Typically, an encoder network defines the parameters of a Gaussian distributed latent space from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Alan Jeffares , Liyuan Liu

We investigate a fully Latent AutoRegressive scheme based on a Gaussian Process (GP) integrated into a Variational Autoencoder (VAE). In this setting, sequential dynamics are transferred from the observation space to a continuous latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yves Ruffenach

The interpretability of generative models is considered a key factor in demonstrating their effectiveness and controllability. The generated data are believed to be determined by latent variables that are not directly observable. Therefore,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-14 Yuan-Hao Wei , Fu-Hao Deng , Lin-Yong Cui , Yan-Jie Sun

Bayesian learning using Gaussian processes provides a foundational framework for making decisions in a manner that balances what is known with what could be learned by gathering data. In this dissertation, we develop techniques for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-29 Alexander Terenin

Bayesian inverse problems are often computationally challenging when the forward model is governed by complex partial differential equations (PDEs). This is typically caused by expensive forward model evaluations and high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-08 Zhihang Xu , Yingzhi Xia , Qifeng Liao

Gaussian processes (GPs) are commonly used as models for functions, time series, and spatial fields, but they are computationally infeasible for large datasets. Focusing on the typical setting of modeling data as a GP plus an additive noise…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-22 Matthias Katzfuss , Joseph Guinness

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are widely used deep generative models capable of learning unsupervised latent representations of data. Such representations are often difficult to interpret or control. We consider the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Jack Klys , Jake Snell , Richard Zemel

Generative modeling aims to generate new data samples that resemble a given dataset, with diffusion models recently becoming the most popular generative model. One of the main challenges of diffusion models is solving the problem in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Wonjun Lee , Riley C. W. O'Neill , Dongmian Zou , Jeff Calder , Gilad Lerman

Gaussian processes (GPs) are a Bayesian machine learning approach widely used to construct surrogate models for the uncertainty quantification of computer simulation codes in industrial applications. It provides both a mean predictor and an…

The vector quantization is a widely used method to map continuous representation to discrete space and has important application in tokenization for generative mode, bottlenecking information and many other tasks in machine learning. Vector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Mingyuan Yan , Jiawei Wu , Rushi Shah , Dianbo Liu

We would like to learn latent representations that are low-dimensional and highly interpretable. A model that has these characteristics is the Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model. The benefits and negative of the GP-LVM are complementary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-19 Erik Bodin , Iman Malik , Carl Henrik Ek , Neill D. F. Campbell

Gaussian processes (GP) provide a prior over functions and allow finding complex regularities in data. Gaussian processes are successfully used for classification/regression problems and dimensionality reduction. In this work we consider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-21 Pavel Izmailov , Dmitry Kropotov

Characterizing the relationship between neural population activity and behavioral data is a central goal of neuroscience. While latent variable models (LVMs) are successful in describing high-dimensional time-series data, they are typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Rabia Gondur , Usama Bin Sikandar , Evan Schaffer , Mikio Christian Aoi , Stephen L Keeley

We introduce fully scalable Gaussian processes, an implementation scheme that tackles the problem of treating a high number of training instances together with high dimensional input data. Our key idea is a representation trick over the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-16 Aristeidis Panos , Petros Dellaportas , Michalis K. Titsias

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a probabilistic nonparametric representation of functions in regression, classification, and other problems. Unfortunately, exact learning with GPs is intractable for large datasets. A variety of approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-02-23 Yuan Qi , Ahmed H. Abdel-Gawad , Thomas P. Minka

Gaussian processes are flexible probabilistic regression models which are widely used in statistics and machine learning. However, a drawback is their limited scalability to large data sets. To alleviate this, full-scale approximations…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-13 Tim Gyger , Reinhard Furrer , Fabio Sigrist

Variational autoencoders (VAE) often use Gaussian or category distribution to model the inference process. This puts a limit on variational learning because this simplified assumption does not match the true posterior distribution, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Ke Sun , Xiangliang Zhang