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We discuss encodings of fermionic many-body systems by qubits in the presence of symmetries. Such encodings eliminate redundant degrees of freedom in a way that preserves a simple structure of the system Hamiltonian enabling quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-31 Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta , Antonio Mezzacapo , Kristan Temme

Obeying non-Abelian statistics, Majorana fermions holds a promise to implement fault-tolerant quantum computing. It was found that Majorana fermions can be simulated by the zero-energy excitation in a nanowire with strong spin-orbit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Ming-Jian Gao , Yu-Peng Ma , Jun-Hong An

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are promising candidates for topologically-protected quantum computing hardware, however their large-scale use will likely require quantum error correction. Majorana surface codes (MSCs) have been proposed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-18 Campbell McLauchlan , Benjamin Béri

We study how well topological quantum codes can tolerate coherent noise caused by systematic unitary errors such as unwanted $Z$-rotations. Our main result is an efficient algorithm for simulating quantum error correction protocols based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-01 Sergey Bravyi , Matthias Englbrecht , Robert Koenig , Nolan Peard

The utility of solving the Fermi-Hubbard model has been estimated in the billions of dollars. Digital quantum computers can in principle address this task, but have so far been limited to quasi one-dimensional models. This is because of…

Quantum computers are expected to become a powerful tool for studying physical quantum systems. Consequently, a number of quantum algorithms for studying the physical properties of such systems have been developed. While qubit-based quantum…

We study the error correcting properties of Majorana Surface Codes (MSC), topological quantum codes constructed out of interacting Majorana fermions, which can be used to store quantum information and perform quantum computation. These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-14 Oscar Viyuela , Sagar Vijay , Liang Fu

The quantum circuit model is the de-facto way of designing quantum algorithms. Yet any level of abstraction away from the underlying hardware incurs overhead. In the era of near-term, noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-27 Laura Clinton , Johannes Bausch , Toby Cubitt

The Fermi-Hubbard model, a fundamental framework for studying strongly correlated phenomena could significantly benefit from quantum simulations when exploring non-trivial settings. However, simulating this problem requires twice as many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-05 Arian Vezvaee , Nathan Earnest-Noble , Khadijeh Najafi

Quantum simulations of fermionic many-body systems crucially rely on mappings from indistinguishable fermions to distinguishable qubits. The non-local structure of fermionic Fock space necessitates encodings that either map local fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-17 Johannes Bausch , Toby Cubitt , Charles Derby , Joel Klassen

Local interactions among electrons underlie many complex properties of correlated materials. While the Jordan-Wigner transformation can preserve this locality along one spatial dimension, interactions along the remaining dimensions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Gregor Aigner , Berend Klaver , Martin Lanthaler , Wolfgang Lechner

We present a general strategy for mapping fermionic systems to quantum hardware with square qubit connectivity which yields low-depth quantum circuits, counted in the number of native two-qubit fSIM gates. We achieve this by leveraging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Manuel G. Algaba , P. V. Sriluckshmy , Martin Leib , Fedor Šimkovic

We define a model of quantum computation with local fermionic modes (LFMs) -- sites which can be either empty or occupied by a fermion. With the standard correspondence between the Foch space of $m$ LFMs and the Hilbert space of $m$ qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Sergey Bravyi , Alexei Kitaev

Simulating strongly correlated fermionic systems is notoriously hard on classical computers. An alternative approach, as proposed by Feynman, is to use a quantum computer. Here, we discuss quantum simulation of strongly correlated fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-02 Zhang Jiang , Kevin J. Sung , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Vadim N. Smelyanskiy , Sergio Boixo

Fermion-to-qubit mappings that preserve geometric locality are especially useful for simulating lattice fermion models (e.g., the Hubbard model) on a quantum computer. They avoid the overhead associated with geometric non-local parity terms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-25 Zhang Jiang , Jarrod McClean , Ryan Babbush , Hartmut Neven

Fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) schemes using large block codes that encode $k>1$ qubits in $n$ physical qubits can potentially reduce the resource overhead to a great extent because of their high encoding rate. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 Yi-Cong Zheng , Ching-Yi Lai , Todd A. Brun , Leong-Chuan Kwek

Number-conserved subspace encoding reduces resources needed for quantum simulations, but scalable complexity trade-off bounds for $M$ modes and $N$ particles with $\mathcal{O}(N\log M)$ qubits have remained unknown. We study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 M. H. Cheng , Yu-Cheng Chen , Qian Wang , V. Bartsch , M. S. Kim , Alice Hu , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Simulating computationally hard fermionic systems is a promising application of quantum computing. However, mapping nonlocal fermionic operators to qubits often produces deep circuits, rendering such simulations impractical on near-term…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 D. E. Fisher , S. A. Fldzhyan , D. V. Minaev , S. S. Straupe , M. Yu. Saygin

Routing is the task of permuting qubits in such a way that quantum operations can be parallelized maximally, given constraints on the hardware geometry. When simulating fermions in the Jordan-Wigner encoding with qubits, a one-dimensional…

Ettore Majorana, in his short life, unintendedly has uncovered the most profound problem in quantum computation by his discovery of Majorana fermion, a particle which is its own anti-particle. Owing to its non-Abelian exchange statistics,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-08-25 Nur R. Ayukaryana , Mohammad H. Fauzi , Eddwi H. Hasdeo