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Quantum key repeater is the backbone of the future Quantum Internet. It is an open problem to determine, for an arbitrary mixed bipartite state shared between the stations of a quantum key repeater, how much key can be generated between its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Leonard Sikorski , Karol Horodecki , Łukasz Pawela

Quantum optical states are fragile and can become corrupted when passed through a lossy communication channel. Unlike for classical signals, optical amplifiers cannot be used to recover quantum signals. Quantum repeaters have been proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-15 Josephine Dias , Timothy C Ralph

A class of optimal quantum repeaters for qubits is suggested. The schemes are minimal, i.e. involve a single additional probe qubit, and optimal, i.e. provide the maximum information adding the minimum amount of noise. Information gain and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Marco G. Genoni , Matteo G. A. Paris

With the emergence of the Quantum Internet, the need for advanced quantum networking techniques has significantly risen. Various models of quantum repeaters have been presented, each delineating a unique strategy to ensure quantum…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Zebo Yang , Ali Ghubaish , Raj Jain , Hassan Shapourian , Alireza Shabani

Cryptographic protocols are often based on the two main resources: private randomness and private key. In this paper, we develop a relationship between these two resources. First, we show that any state containing perfect, directly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-21 Karol Horodecki , Ryszard P. Kostecki , Roberto Salazar , Michał Studziński

This paper considers a multi-source multi-relay network, in which relay nodes employ a coding scheme based on random linear network coding on source packets and generate coded packets. If a destination node collects enough coded packets, it…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Amjad Saeed Khan , Ioannis Chatzigeorgiou

Quantum repeater networks distribute entanglement over lossy links while many users share a limited pool of entangled pairs. Most existing routing schemes either always use a single best path or rely on global optimizations that are hard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ankit Mishra , Kang Hao Cheong

Long-distance quantum communication requires reliable entanglement distribution, but direct generation with protocols such as Barrett--Kok suffers from exponentially decreasing success probability with distance, making it impractical over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Wenhan Li , Shiyu Zhang

Quantum error correction codes based on continuous variables play an important role for the implementation of quantum communication systems. A natural application of such codes occurs within quantum repeater systems which are used to combat…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-21 Pei-Zhe Li , Josephine Dias , William J. Munro , Peter van Loock , Kae Nemoto , Nicoló Lo Piparo

The work establishes fundamental limits with respect to rate, reliability and computational complexity, for a general setting of outage-limited MIMO communications. In the high-SNR regime, the limits are optimized over all encoders, all…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-06-24 Petros Elia , Joakim Jalden

Memory dephasing and its impact on the rate of entanglement generation in quantum repeaters is addressed. For systems that rely on probabilistic schemes for entanglement distribution and connection, we estimate the maximum achievable rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-12 M. Razavi , M. Piani , N. Lutkenhaus

A quantum repeater scheme based on cavity-QED and quantum error correction of channel loss via rotation-symmetric bosonic codes (RSBC) is proposed to distribute atomic entangled states over long distances without memories and at high clock…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-21 Pei-Zhe Li , Peter van Loock

Decoherence is detrimental to quantum key distribution (QKD) over large distances. One of the proposed solutions is to use quantum repeaters, which divide the total distance between the users into smaller segments to minimise the effects of…

Quantum network is the key to enable distributed quantum information processing. As the single-link communication rate decays exponentially with the distance, to enable reliable end-to-end quantum communication, the number of nodes needs to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-17 Quntao Zhuang , Bingzhi Zhang

The ability to distribute entanglement over complex quantum networks is an important step towards a quantum internet. Recently, there has been significant theoretical effort, mainly focusing on the distribution of bipartite entanglement via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-19 Stefan Bäuml , Koji Azuma

This paper considers quantum network coding, which is a recent technique that enables quantum information to be sent on complex networks at higher rates than by using straightforward routing strategies. Kobayashi et al. have recently showed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Takahiko Satoh , Francois Le Gall , Hiroshi Imai

We introduce an alternative type of quantum repeater for long-range quantum communication with improved scaling with the distance. We show that by employing hashing, a deterministic entanglement distillation protocol with one-way…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-24 M. Zwerger , A. Pirker , V. Dunjko , H. J. Briegel , W. Dür

The capacity of line networks with buffer size constraints is an open, but practically important problem. In this paper, the upper bound on the achievable rate of a class of codes, called batched codes, is studied for line networks. Batched…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Shenghao Yang , Jie Wang

Future quantum technologies such as quantum communication, quantum sensing, and distributed quantum computation, will rely on networks of shared entanglement between spatially separated nodes. In this work, we provide improved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Stav Haldar , Pratik J. Barge , Sumeet Khatri , Hwang Lee

In this second part of our multi-part papers, the information flow in degraded interference networks is studied. A full characterization of the sum-rate capacity for the degraded networks with any possible configuration is established. It…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-18 Reza K. Farsani