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KV cache compression methods have mainly relied on scalar quantization techniques to reduce the memory requirements during decoding. In this work, we apply residual vector quantization, which has been widely used for high fidelity audio…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ankur Kumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel across a variety of language tasks yet are constrained by limited input lengths and high computational costs. Existing approaches\textemdash such as relative positional encodings (e.g., RoPE, ALiBi) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kun-Hui Lee , Eunhwan Park , Donghoon Han , Seung-Hoon Na

Long-context Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demand substantial computational resources for inference as the growth of their multimodal Key-Value (KV) cache, in response to increasing input lengths, challenges memory and time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Zhongwei Wan , Ziang Wu , Che Liu , Jinfa Huang , Zhihong Zhu , Peng Jin , Longyue Wang , Li Yuan

Long context large language models (LLMs) pose significant challenges for efficient serving due to the large memory footprint and high access overhead of KV cache. Retrieval-based KV cache reduction methods can mitigate these challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Junhui He , Junna Xing , Nan Wang , Rui Xu , Shangyu Wu , Peng Zhou , Qiang Liu , Chun Jason Xue , Qingan Li

Withtherapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), the context length for inference has been continuously increasing, leading to an exponential growth in the demand for Key-Value (KV) caching. This has resulted in a significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yanyu Liu , Jingying Fu , Sixiang Liu , Yitian Zou , You Fu , Jiehan Zhou , Shouhua Zhang

Modern mainstream persistent key-value storage engines utilize Log-Structured Merge tree (LSM-tree) based designs, optimizing read/write performance by leveraging sequential disk I/O. However, the advent of SSDs, with their significant…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Jin Jiang , Dongsheng He , Yu Hu , Dong Liu , Chenfan Xiao , Hongxiao Bi , Yusong Zhang , Chaoqu Jiang , Zhijun Fu

KV cache is a widely used acceleration technique for large language models (LLMs) inference. However, its memory requirement grows rapidly with input length. Previous studies have reduced the size of KV cache by either removing the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xingyang He , Jie Liu , Shaowei Chen

Large language models (LLMs) support long-context inference but suffer from substantial memory and runtime overhead due to Key-Value (KV) Cache growth. Existing KV Cache eviction methods primarily rely on local attention weights, neglecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tho Mai , Joo-Young Kim

Transformer models have driven breakthroughs across various language tasks by their strong capability to learn rich contextual representations. Scaling them to improve representation, however, often demands substantial memory and compute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Zhoutong Wu , Yuan Zhang , Yiming Dong , Chenheng Zhang , Cong Fang , Kun Yuan , Zhouchen Lin

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities but face substantial serving costs due to their high memory demands, with the key-value (KV) cache being a primary bottleneck. State-of-the-art KV cache compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yanqi Zhang , Yuwei Hu , Runyuan Zhao , John C. S. Lui , Haibo Chen

The increasing complexity of AI tasks has shifted the paradigm from monolithic models toward multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems. However, these collaborative architectures introduce a critical bottleneck: redundant prefill…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yingsheng Geng , Yuchong Gao , Weihong Wu , Guyue Liu , Jiang Liu

The power and flexibility of software-defined networks lead to a programmable network infrastructure in which in-network computation can help accelerating the performance of applications. This can be achieved by offloading some…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Hebatalla Eldakiky , David Hung-Chang Du , Eman Ramadan

Disaggregated memory (DM) is a promising data center architecture that decouples CPU and memory into independent resource pools to improve resource utilization. Building on DM, memory-disaggregated key-value (KV) stores are adopted to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zhisheng Hu , Jiacheng Shen , Ming-Chang Yang

In Text-to-SQL tasks, existing LLM-based methods often include extensive database schemas in prompts, leading to long context lengths and increased prefilling latency. While user queries typically focus on recurrent table sets-offering an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jinbo Su , Yuxuan Hu , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jia Li , Lintao Ma , Jing Zhang

Key-value (KV) caching has become the de-facto to accelerate generation speed for large language models (LLMs) inference. However, the growing cache demand with increasing sequence length has transformed LLM inference to be a memory bound…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Hao Kang , Qingru Zhang , Souvik Kundu , Geonhwa Jeong , Zaoxing Liu , Tushar Krishna , Tuo Zhao

Across large language model (LLM) applications, we observe an emerging trend for reusing KV caches to save the prefill delays of processing repeated input texts in different LLM inputs. This has led to a broad design space, including…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Hanchen Li , Yuhan Liu , Yihua Cheng , Kuntai Du , Junchen Jiang

Modern online large language model (LLM) services, such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and agent systems, increasingly expose two prominent characteristics: prompt segmentation (e.g., system instructions, retrieved passages, tool…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xingyu Qu , Tianhao Lin , Yiqi Li , Zhiyu Chen , Sheng Wang

Long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) enable powerful applications but incur high memory costs due to the key-value states (KV-Cache). Recent studies attempt to share KV-Cache across layers, but these approaches either require expensive…

Language models (LMs) underpin emerging mobile and embedded AI applications like meeting and video summarization and document analysis, which often require processing multiple long-context inputs. Running an LM locally on-device improves…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Huawei Zhang , Chunwei Xia , Zheng Wang

Recent large vision-language models (LVLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in processing extended multi-modal sequences, yet the resulting key-value (KV) cache expansion creates a critical memory bottleneck that fundamentally limits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xuyang Liu , Xiyan Gui , Yuchao Zhang , Linfeng Zhang