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Hamiltonian learning protocols are essential tools to benchmark quantum computers and simulators. Yet rigorous methods for time-dependent Hamiltonians and Lindbladians remain scarce despite their wide use. We close this gap by learning the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Daniel Stilck França , Tim Möbus , Cambyse Rouzé , Albert H. Werner

We propose and theoretically investigate an unambiguous Bell measurement of atomic qubits assisted by multiphoton states. The atoms interact resonantly with the electromagnetic field inside two spatially separated optical cavities in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Juan Mauricio Torres , József Zsolt Bernád , Gernot Alber

In this paper, we investigate the critical efficiency of detectors to observe Bell nonlocality using multiple copies of the maximally entangled two-qubit state carried by a single pair of particles, such as hyperentangled states, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-09 István Márton , Erika Bene , Tamás Vértesi

A scheme is proposed by which two parties, Alice and Bob, can securely exchange real numbers. The scheme requires Alice and Bob to share entanglement and both to perform Bell-state measurements. With a qubit system two real numbers can each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sung Soon Jang , Hai-Woong Lee

Euclidean volume ratios between quantum states with positive partial transpose and all quantum states in bipartite systems are investigated. These ratios allow a quantitative exploration of the typicality of entanglement and of its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-07 A. Sauer , J. Z. Bernád , H. J. Moreno , G. Alber

We consider the expected violations of Bell inequalities from random pure states. More precisely, we focus on a slightly generalised version of the CGLMP inequality, which concerns Bell experiments of two parties, two measurement options…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-05 Max R. Atkin , Stefan Zohren

The expectation value <O> of an arbitrary operator O can be obtained via a universal measuring apparatus that is independent of O, by changing only the data-processing of the outcomes. Such a ``universal detector'' performs a joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. M. D'Ariano , P. Perinotti , M. F. Sacchi

We propose a quantum-enhanced iterative (with $K$ steps) measurement scheme based on an ensemble of $N$ two-level probes which asymptotically approaches the Heisenberg limit $\delta_K \propto R^{-K/(K+1)}$, $R$ the number of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-29 A. V. Lebedev , P. Treutlein , G. Blatter

In this study, we give an extension of Montanaro's arXiv/archive:1504.06987 quantum Monte Carlo method, tailored for computing expected values of random variables that exhibit infinite variance. This addresses a challenge in analyzing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Jose Blanchet , Mario Szegedy , Guanyang Wang

Incompatible, i.e. non-jointly measurable quantum measurements are a necessary resource for many information processing tasks. It is known that increasing the number of distinct measurements usually enhances the incompatibility of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-28 Lucas Tendick , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

In this paper we investigate the possibility to make complete Bell measurements on a product Hilbert space of two two-level bosonic systems. We restrict our tools to linear elements, like beam splitters and phase shifters, delay lines and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-15 N. Lütkenhaus , J. Calsamiglia , K-A. Suominen

We introduce two multiple qubit controlled-unitary gates with different working principles. We employ these gates and existing quantum gates to propose simple and efficient algorithms that generate multi-term orthonormal entangled Bell-like…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-15 Asutosh Kumar

Starting with the basic control system model often employed in NMR pulse design, we derive more realistic control system models taking into account effects such as off-resonant excitation for systems with fixed inter-qubit coupling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-01 Sonia Schirmer

A quantum key distribution protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. Through choosing particles by twos from the sequence and performing Bell measurements, two communicators can detect eavesdropping and obtain the secure key.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Fei Gao , Fenzhuo Guo , Qiaoyan Wen , Fuchen Zhu

Bell inequalities are one of the cornerstones of quantum foundations, and fundamental tools for quantum technologies. Recently, the scientific community worldwide has put a lot of effort towards them, which culminated with loophole-free…

We present a polynomial-time classical algorithm for estimating expectation values of arbitrary observables on typical quantum circuits under any incoherent local noise, including non-unital or dephasing. Although previous research…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Armando Angrisani , Antonio A. Mele , Manuel S. Rudolph , M. Cerezo , Zoë Holmes

The classical simulation of quantum circuits is of central importance for benchmarking near-term quantum devices. The fact that gates belonging to the Clifford group can be simulated efficiently on classical computers has motivated a range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Tomislav Begušić , Kasra Hejazi , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

In this paper, we propose a unified approach to harness quantum conformal methods for multi-output distributions, with a particular emphasis on two experimental paradigms: (i) a standard 2-qubit circuit scenario producing a four-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Emre Tasar

Quantum mechanical systems exhibit an inherently probabilistic nature upon measurement which excludes in principle the singular direct observability continual case. Quantum theory of time continuous measurements and quantum prediction…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. P. Belavkin

Bell inequalities are mathematical constructs that demarcate the boundary between quantum and classical physics. A new class of multiplicative Bell inequalities originating from a volume maximization game (based on products of correlators…

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