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This paper presents efficient algorithms for testing the finite, polynomial, and exponential ambiguity of finite automata with $\epsilon$-transitions. It gives an algorithm for testing the exponential ambiguity of an automaton $A$ in time…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-02-25 Cyril Allauzen , Mehryar Mohri , Ashish Rastogi

Modern machine learning systems, such as generative models and recommendation systems, often evolve through a cycle of deployment, user interaction, and periodic model updates. This differs from standard supervised learning frameworks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mark Braverman , Roi Livni , Yishay Mansour , Shay Moran , Kobbi Nissim

This work considers weak deterministic B\"uchi automata reading encodings of non-negative $d$-vectors of reals in a fixed base. A saturated language is a language which contains all encoding of elements belonging to a set of $d$-vectors of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Arthur Milchior

We prove the equivalence of two classes of counter machines and one class of distributed automata. Our counter machines operate on finite words, which they read from left to right while incrementing or decrementing a fixed number of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Olivier Carton , Bruno Guillon , Fabian Reiter

Standard accuracy metrics indicate that reading comprehension systems are making rapid progress, but the extent to which these systems truly understand language remains unclear. To reward systems with real language understanding abilities,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Robin Jia , Percy Liang

This thesis is focused on techniques for finite automata and their use in practice, with the main emphasis on nondeterministic tree automata. This concerns namely techniques for size reduction and language inclusion testing, which are two…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Lukáš Holík

We prove that language equivalence of deterministic one-counter automata is NL-complete. This improves the superpolynomial time complexity upper bound shown by Valiant and Paterson in 1975. Our main contribution is to prove that two…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-11 Stanislav Böhm , Stefan Göller , Petr Jančar

Active learning is a subfield of machine learning, in which the learning algorithm is allowed to choose the data from which it learns. In some cases, it has been shown that active learning can yield an exponential gain in the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Ori Kelner

Automata over infinite words, also known as omega-automata, play a key role in the verification and synthesis of reactive systems. The spectrum of omega-automata is defined by two characteristics: the acceptance condition (e.g. B\"uchi or…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Rayna Dimitrova , Bernd Finkbeiner , Hazem Torfah

Fuelled by the popularity of the transformer architecture in deep learning, several works have investigated what formal languages a transformer can learn from data. Nonetheless, existing results remain hard to compare due to methodological…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Rik Adriaensen , Jaron Maene

Angluin's L* algorithm learns the minimal (complete) deterministic finite automaton (DFA) of a regular language using membership and equivalence queries. Its probabilistic approximatively correct (PAC) version substitutes an equivalence…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Igor Khmelnitsky , Serge Haddad , Lina Ye , Benoît Barbot , Benedikt Bollig , Martin Leucker , Daniel Neider , Rajarshi Roy

Real-time search methods are suited for tasks in which the agent is interacting with an initially unknown environment in real time. In such simultaneous planning and learning problems, the agent has to select its actions in a limited amount…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-10-19 V. Bulitko , G. Lee

In this paper, we study active learning algorithms for weighted automata over a semiring. We show that a variant of Angluin's seminal \LStar\ algorithm works when the semiring is a principal ideal domain, but not for general semirings such…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Gerco van Heerdt , Clemens Kupke , Jurriaan Rot , Alexandra Silva

A synchronizing word of a deterministic finite complete automaton is a word whose action maps every state to a single one. Finding a shortest or a short synchronizing word is a central computational problem in the theory of synchronizing…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Marek Szykuła , Adam Zyzik

We give sublinear-time approximation algorithms for some optimization problems arising in machine learning, such as training linear classifiers and finding minimum enclosing balls. Our algorithms can be extended to some kernelized versions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-10-22 Kenneth L. Clarkson , Elad Hazan , David P. Woodruff

We introduce first order alternating automata, a generalization of boolean alternating automata, in which transition rules are described by multisorted first order formulae, with states and internal variables given by uninterpreted…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Radu Iosif , Xiao Xu

We demonstrate that a wide array of machine learning algorithms are specific instances of one single paradigm: reciprocal learning. These instances range from active learning over multi-armed bandits to self-training. We show that all these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-05 Julian Rodemann , Christoph Jansen , Georg Schollmeyer

We introduce the class of P-finite automata. These are a generalisation of weighted automata, in which the weights of transitions can depend polynomially on the length of the input word. P-finite automata can also be viewed as simple…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Alex Buna-Marginean , Vincent Cheval , Mahsa Shirmohammadi , James Worrell

Berlinkov has suggested an algorithm that, given a deterministic finite automaton $\mathcal{A}$, verifies whether or not $\mathcal{A}$ is synchronizing in linear (of the number of states and letters) expected time. We present a modification…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Pavel Ageev

In various real-world scenarios, interactions among agents often resemble the dynamics of general-sum games, where each agent strives to optimize its own utility. Despite the ubiquitous relevance of such settings, decentralized machine…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Milad Aghajohari , Juan Agustin Duque , Tim Cooijmans , Aaron Courville