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The amount of CO$_2$ emitted per kilowatt-hour on an electricity grid varies by time of day and substantially varies by location due to the types of generation. Networked collections of warehouse scale computers, sometimes called Hyperscale…

Many organizations, including governments, utilities, and businesses, have set ambitious targets to reduce carbon emissions for their Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals. To achieve these targets, these organizations…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Diptyaroop Maji , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy , Ramesh K. Sitaraman

Machine learning solutions are rapidly adopted to enable a variety of key use cases, from conversational AI assistants to scientific discovery. This growing adoption is expected to increase the associated lifecycle carbon footprint,…

Provisioning dynamic machine learning (ML) inference as a service for artificial intelligence (AI) applications of edge devices faces many challenges, including the trade-off among accuracy loss, carbon emission, and unknown future costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Huirong Ma , Zhi Zhou , Xiaoxi Zhang , Xu Chen

Data centers are large electricity consumers due to the high consumption needs of servers and their cooling systems. Given the current crypto-currency and artificial intelligence trends, the data center electricity demand is bound to grow…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-20 Enea Figini , Mario Paolone

IT power usage is a significant concern. Data center energy consumption is estimated to account for 1% to 1.5% of all energy consumption worldwide. Hardware designers, data center designers, and other members of the IT community have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Kaushik Dutta , Debra Vandermeer

The attainment of carbon neutrality requires a research agenda that addresses the technical and economic challenges that will be encountered as we progress toward 100% renewable electricity generation. Increasing proportions of variable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-01 Young-Jin Kim

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to create more sustainable production methods and model climate change, making it a valuable tool in the fight against environmental degradation. This paper describes the paradox of an energy-consuming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Arnault Pachot , Céline Patissier

Blockchain, pivotal in shaping the metaverse and Web3, often draws criticism for high energy consumption and carbon emission. The rise of sustainability-focused blockchains, especially when intersecting with innovative wireless…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Chenyu Zhou , Hongzhou Chen , Shiman Wang , Xinyao Sun , Abdulmotaleb El Saddik , Wei Cai

As datacenters continue to grow in scale, their energy consumption and resulting carbon footprint have become pressing concerns. With the increasing share of renewable energy in a datacenter's mixed energy supply, shifting task execution to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Dominik Schweisgut , Anne Benoit , Yves Robert , Henning Meyerhenke

China's pledge to reach carbon neutrality before 2060 is an ambitious goal and could provide the world with much-needed leadership on how to limit warming to +1.5C warming above pre-industrial levels by the end of the century. But the…

Energy costs are quickly rising in large-scale data centers and are soon projected to overtake the cost of hardware. As a result, data center operators have recently started turning into using more energy-friendly hardware. Despite the…

Databases · Computer Science 2009-09-15 Stavros Harizopoulos , Mehul Shah , Justin Meza , Parthasarathy Ranganathan

Deep learning applications at the network edge lead to a significant growth in AI-related carbon emissions, presenting a critical sustainability challenge. The existing edge computing frameworks optimize for latency and throughput, but they…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Guilin Zhang , Wulan Guo , Ziqi Tan , Chuanyi Sun , Hailong Jiang

As artificial intelligence (AI) models quickly spread and become more advanced, they are requiring an ever-increasing amount of data and compute capability, leading to a significant energy cost. Training and inference of AI models including…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Anirudh Shankar , Avhishek Chatterjee , Anjan Chakravorty

This study proposes a scalable Digital Twin framework for energy optimization in data centers.The framework integrates IoT-based data acquisition, cloud computing, and machine learning techniques to enable real-time monitoring, forecasting,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Raphael Hendrigo de Souza Gonçalves , Wendel Marcos dos Santos

Scientific workflows facilitate the automation of data analysis, and are used to process increasing amounts of data. Therefore, they tend to be resource-intensive and long-running, leading to significant energy consumption and carbon…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Kathleen West , Magnus Reid , Yehia Elkhatib , Lauritz Thamsen

Greenhouse gas emissions from the residential sector represent a significant fraction of global emissions. Governments and utilities have designed incentives to stimulate the adoption of decarbonization technologies such as rooftop PV and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Anupama Sitaraman , Adam Lechowicz , Noman Bashir , Xutong Liu , Mohammad Hajiesmaili , Prashant Shenoy

Throughout the food supply chain, between production, transportation, packaging, and green employment, a plethora of indicators cover the environmental footprint and resource use. By defining and tracking the more inefficient practices of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Ronit Purian

Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, requiring rapid action across society. As artificial intelligence tools (AI) are rapidly deployed, it is therefore crucial to understand how they will impact climate action.…

The rapid growth in the deployment and scale of modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems has intensified concerns regarding their environmental impacts, yet we still lack a comprehensive view of where and how these impacts arise across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Katherine Lambert , Sasha Luccioni