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Deep neural networks have achieved great success in classification tasks during the last years. However, one major problem to the path towards artificial intelligence is the inability of neural networks to accurately detect samples from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Aristotelis-Angelos Papadopoulos , Mohammad Reza Rajati , Nazim Shaikh , Jiamian Wang

This paper presents a novel evaluation framework for Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection that aims to assess the performance of machine learning models in more realistic settings. We observed that the real-world requirements for testing OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , Mohammad Sabokrou

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for building reliable AI systems, as models that produce outputs for invalid inputs cannot be trusted. Although deep learning (DL) is often assumed to outperform traditional machine learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jihyeon Baek , Seunghoon Lee , Gitaek Kwon , Doohyun Park

Deep generative models (DGMs) seem a natural fit for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, but such models have been shown to assign higher probabilities or densities to OOD images than images from the training distribution. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Lily H. Zhang , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath

Machine learning models deployed in the wild can be challenged by out-of-distribution (OOD) data from unknown classes. Recent advances in OOD detection rely on distance measures to distinguish samples that are relatively far away from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Yiyou Sun , Yixuan Li

Out-of-distribution detection (OOD) deals with anomalous input to neural networks. In the past, specialized methods have been proposed to reject predictions on anomalous input. Similarly, it was shown that feature extraction models in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Jan Diers , Christian Pigorsch

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial to safety-critical machine learning applications and has been extensively studied. While recent studies have predominantly focused on classifier-based methods, research on deep generative model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Genki Osada , Tsubasa Takahashi , Takashi Nishide

Since deep learning models have been implemented in many commercial applications, it is important to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs correctly to maintain the performance of the models, ensure the quality of the collected data, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Qing Yu , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Deep neural networks are known to achieve superior results in classification tasks. However, it has been recently shown that they are incapable to detect examples that are generated by a distribution which is different than the one they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Aristotelis-Angelos Papadopoulos , Nazim Shaikh , Mohammad Reza Rajati

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is crucial for trustworthy AI in real-world applications. Leveraging recent advances in representation learning and latent embeddings, Various scoring algorithms estimate distributions beyond the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Jeng-Lin Li , Ming-Ching Chang , Wei-Chao Chen

We present a principled approach for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) and adversarial samples in deep neural networks. Our approach consists in modeling the outputs of the various layers (deep features) with parametric probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-27 Nilesh A. Ahuja , Ibrahima Ndiour , Trushant Kalyanpur , Omesh Tickoo

Deep neural networks (DNNs), especially convolutional neural networks, have achieved superior performance on image classification tasks. However, such performance is only guaranteed if the input to a trained model is similar to the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Liang Liang , Linhai Ma , Linchen Qian , Jiasong Chen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical issue for the stable and reliable operation of systems using a deep neural network (DNN). Although many OOD detection methods have been proposed, it remains unclear how the differences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Kazuki Uematsu , Kosuke Haruki , Taiji Suzuki , Mitsuhiro Kimura , Takahiro Takimoto , Hideyuki Nakagawa

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the reliable deployment of machine learning models in real-world scenarios, enabling the identification of unknown samples or objects. A prominent approach to enhance OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-05 Heng Gao , Jun Li

This thesis makes considerable contributions to the realm of machine learning, specifically in the context of open-world scenarios where systems face previously unseen data and contexts. Traditional machine learning models are usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yiyou Sun

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated exceptional recognition capabilities in traditional computer vision (CV) tasks. However, existing CV models often suffer a significant decrease in accuracy when confronted with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Shuangchen Zhao , Changde Du , Hui Li , Huiguang He

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to discern outliers from the intended data distribution, which is crucial to maintaining high reliability and a good user experience. Most recent studies in OOD detection utilize the information from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Hyunsoo Cho , Choonghyun Park , Jaewook Kang , Kang Min Yoo , Taeuk Kim , Sang-goo Lee

Numerous machine learning (ML) models have been developed, including those for software engineering (SE) tasks, under the assumption that training and testing data come from the same distribution. However, training and testing distributions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yanfu Yan , Viet Duong , Huajie Shao , Denys Poshyvanyk

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to prevent anomalous inputs from causing a model to fail during deployment. While improved OOD detection methods have emerged, they often rely on the final layer outputs and require a full…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Ziqian Lin , Sreya Dutta Roy , Yixuan Li

Deep neural networks (DNNs) perform well at classifying inputs associated with the classes they have been trained on, which are known as in distribution inputs. However, out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs pose a great challenge to DNNs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Guy Amit , Moshe Levy , Ishai Rosenberg , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici