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The Sparsespeech model is an unsupervised acoustic model that can generate discrete pseudo-labels for untranscribed speech. We extend the Sparsespeech model to allow for sampling over a random discrete variable, yielding…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-01 Benjamin Milde , Chris Biemann

Softmax-based losses have achieved state-of-the-art performances on various tasks such as face recognition and re-identification. However, these methods highly relied on clean datasets with global labels, which limits their usage in many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Qiang Meng , Xinqian Gu , Xiaqing Xu , Feng Zhou

Our prior experiments show that humans and machines seem to employ different approaches to speaker discrimination, especially in the presence of speaking style variability. The experiments examined read versus conversational speech.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-29 Amber Afshan , Abeer Alwan

Recently, attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models have shown state-of-the-art performance in automatic speech recognition (ASR). As the original AED models with global attentions are not capable of online inference, various online…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-15 Hyeonseung Lee , Woo Hyun Kang , Sung Jun Cheon , Hyeongju Kim , Nam Soo Kim

Person re-identification is a challenging task because of the high intra-class variance induced by the unrestricted nuisance factors of variations such as pose, illumination, viewpoint, background, and sensor noise. Recent approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Sinan Sabri , Zaigham Randhawa , Gianfranco Doretto

This paper questions whether the strong performance of softmax attention in transformers stems from producing a probability distribution over inputs. Instead, we argue that softmax's effectiveness lies in its implicit regularization of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hemanth Saratchandran , Jianqiao Zheng , Yiping Ji , Wenbo Zhang , Simon Lucey

This paper proposes a flexible multichannel speech enhancement system with the main goal of improving robustness of automatic speech recognition (ASR) in noisy conditions. The proposed system combines a flexible neural mask estimator…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-10 Ante Jukić , Jagadeesh Balam , Boris Ginsburg

It becomes urgent to design effective anti-spoofing algorithms for vulnerable automatic speaker verification systems due to the advancement of high-quality playback devices. Current studies mainly treat anti-spoofing as a binary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Yongqiang Dou , Haocheng Yang , Maolin Yang , Yanyan Xu , Dengfeng Ke

The softmax activation function plays a crucial role in the success of large language models (LLMs), particularly in the self-attention mechanism of the widely adopted Transformer architecture. However, the underlying learning dynamics that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yang Cao , Yingyu Liang , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song

Spoofing countermeasure (CM) and automatic speaker verification (ASV) sub-systems can be used in tandem with a backend classifier as a solution to the spoofing aware speaker verification (SASV) task. The two sub-systems are typically…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-21 Wanying Ge , Hemlata Tak , Massimiliano Todisco , Nicholas Evans

Generalization remains a major problem in supervised learning of single-channel speech enhancement. In this work, we propose learnable loss mixup (LLM), a simple and effortless training diagram, to improve the generalization of deep…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-01 Oscar Chang , Dung N. Tran , Kazuhito Koishida

Mixture of Softmaxes (MoS) has been shown to be effective at addressing the expressiveness limitation of Softmax-based models. Despite the known advantage, MoS is practically sealed by its large consumption of memory and computational time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Xiang Kong , Qizhe Xie , Zihang Dai , Eduard Hovy

State-of-the-art anomalous sound detection (ASD) systems are often trained by using an auxiliary classification task to learn an embedding space. Doing so enables the system to learn embeddings that are robust to noise and are ignoring…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-18 Kevin Wilkinghoff

This paper presents an analysis regarding an influence of the Distance Metric Learning (DML) loss functions on the supervised fine-tuning of the language models for classification tasks. We experimented with known datasets from SentEval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Witold Sosnowski , Karolina Seweryn , Anna Wróblewska , Piotr Gawrysiak

Randomized smoothing is a technique for providing provable robustness guarantees against adversarial attacks while making minimal assumptions about a classifier. This method relies on taking a majority vote of any base classifier over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Ambar Pal , Jeremias Sulam

Large self-supervised pre-trained speech models require computationally expensive fine-tuning for downstream tasks. Soft prompt tuning offers a simple parameter-efficient alternative by utilizing minimal soft prompt guidance, enhancing…

Recent work in the field of speech enhancement (SE) has involved the use of self-supervised speech representations (SSSRs) as feature transformations in loss functions. However, in prior work, very little attention has been paid to the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-23 George Close , Thomas Hain , Stefan Goetze

The performance of spoofing countermeasure systems depends fundamentally upon the use of sufficiently representative training data. With this usually being limited, current solutions typically lack generalisation to attacks encountered in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-01 Hemlata Tak , Massimiliano Todisco , Xin Wang , Jee-weon Jung , Junichi Yamagishi , Nicholas Evans

In this paper, we focus on improving the performance of the text-dependent speaker verification system in the scenario of limited training data. The speaker verification system deep learning based text-dependent generally needs a large…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Xiaoyi Qin , Yaogen Yang , Lin Yang , Xuyang Wang , Junjie Wang , Ming Li

This paper describes our submitted systems to the ASVspoof 5 Challenge Track 1: Speech Deepfake Detection - Open Condition, which consists of a stand-alone speech deepfake (bonafide vs spoof) detection task. Recently, large-scale…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Theophile Stourbe , Victor Miara , Theo Lepage , Reda Dehak