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This paper proposes a new view to algorithms, Algorithms as defining dynamic systems. This view extends the traditional, deterministic view that an algorithm is a step by step procedure with nondeterminism. As a dynamic system can be…
The perception of the value and propriety of modern engineered systems is changing. In addition to their functional and extra-functional properties, nowadays' systems are also evaluated by their sustainability properties. The next…
Reaction systems are discrete dynamical systems inspired by bio-chemical processes, whose dynamical behaviour is expressed by set-theoretic operations on finite sets. Reaction systems thus provide a description of bio-chemical phenomena…
A defining property of complex systems is that they have multiscale structure. How does this multiscale structure come about? We argue that within systems there emerges a hierarchy of scales that contribute to a system's causal workings. An…
Over the past three decades, considerable effort has been devoted to the study of software architecture. A major portion of this effort has focused on the originally proposed view of four "C"s---components, connectors, configurations, and…
Synergy (from the Greek word synergos), broadly defined, refers to combined or co-operative effects produced by two or more elements (parts or individuals). The definition is often associated with the holistic conviction quote that "the…
This article provides formal definitions characterizing well-formed composition of components in order to guarantee their safe deployment and execution. Our work focuses on the structural aspects of component composition; it puts together…
The opaque nature of many intelligent systems violates established usability principles and thus presents a challenge for human-computer interaction. Research in the field therefore highlights the need for transparency, scrutability,…
We define a categorical notion of cybernetic system as a dynamical realisation of a generalized open game, along with a coherence condition. We show that this notion captures a wide class of cybernetic systems in computational neuroscience…
Robustness as a system property describes the degree to which a system is able to function correctly in the presence of disturbances, i.e., unforeseen or erroneous inputs. In this paper, we introduce a notion of robustness termed…
Many different definitions of computational universality for various types of dynamical systems have flourished since Turing's work. We propose a general definition of universality that applies to arbitrary discrete time symbolic dynamical…
Composition is an important feature of a specification language, as it enables the design of a complex system in terms of a product of its parts. Decomposition is equally important in order to reason about structural properties of a system.…
This chapter investigates the concept of living structure - which is defined as a structural hierarchy that has a recurring pattern of an abundance of small substructures compared to larger ones - and the application of such structures in…
Consciousness is notoriously hard to define with objective terms. An objective definition of consciousness is critically needed so that we might accurately understand how consciousness and resultant choice behaviour may arise in biological…
A software architecture is the result of multiple decisions made by a software architect. These decisions are called architectural decisions, as they bring solutions to architectural problems. Relations between decisions can be captured in…
A (closed) dynamical system is a notion of how things can be, together with a notion of how they may change given how they are. The idea and mathematics of closed dynamical systems has proven incredibly useful in those sciences that can…
We introduce a term algebra as a new formal specification language for the coordinating architectures of distributed systems consisting of a finite yet unbounded number of components. The language allows to describe infinite sets of systems…
Observability is a modelling property that describes the possibility of inferring the internal state of a system from observations of its output. A related property, structural identifiability, refers to the theoretical possibility of…
The paper discusses design techniques for a seamless architecture of information systems (IS). A seamless architecture is understood as such an architectural de-scription of an IS, that defines explicit connections between elements of…
Developing complex engineered systems (CES) poses significant challenges for engineers, managers, designers, and businesspeople alike due to the inherent complexity of the systems and contexts involved. Furthermore, experts have expressed…