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In this paper, we propose a new type of graph, denoted as "embedded-graph", and its theory, which employs a distributed representation to describe the relations on the graph edges. Embedded-graphs can express linguistic and complicated…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Atsushi Yokoyama

Motivated by very large-scale communication networks, we newly introduce exponentiation of graphs. Using the exponential operation on graphs, we can construct various graphs of multi-exponential order with logarithmic diameter. We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Toru Hasunuma

A natural problem in combinatorial rigidity theory concerns the determination of the rigidity or flexibility of bar-joint frameworks in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that admit some non-trivial symmetry. When $d=2$ there is a large literature on this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Sean Dewar , Georg Grasegger , Eleftherios Kastis , Anthony Nixon

We extend the work of Hanlon on the chromatic polynomial of an unlabeled graph to define the unlabeled chromatic polynomial of an unlabeled signed graph. Explicit formulas are presented for labeled and unlabeled signed chromatic polynomials…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-26 Brian Davis

For families of 4-regular directed circulant graphs with $n$ vertices, we count the number of primitive periodic orbits of length up to at least $n$. The relevant counting techniques are then extended to count the number of primitive pseudo…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-29 Lauren Engelthaler , Isaac Hellerman , Tori Hudgins

For a graph $G$ let $\varepsilon(G)$ denote the number of Eulerian orientations, and $v(G)$ denote the number of vertices of $G$. We show that if $(G_n)_n$ is a sequence of Eulerian graphs that are convergent in Benjamini--Schramm sense,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-27 Ferenc Bencs , Márton Borbényi , Péter Csikvári

We apply model theoretic methods to the problem of existence of countable universal graphs with finitely many forbidden connected subgraphs. We show that to a large extent the question reduces to one of local finiteness of an…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Gregory Cherlin , Saharon Shelah , Niandong Shi

A digraph whose degree sequence has a unique vertex labeled realization is called threshold. In this paper we present several characterizations of threshold digraphs and their degree sequences, and show these characterizations to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-19 Brian Cloteaux , M. Drew LaMar , Elizabeth Moseman , James Shook

A classical enumerative result states that, given a graph $G$ and a vertex $u$, the number of connected subgraphs of $G$ is equal to the number of orientations of $G$ such that every vertex can reach $u$ by a directed path. We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Oliver Bernardi , Jonathan J. Fang

A proper vertex colouring of a graph is \emph{nested} if the vertices of each of its colour classes can be ordered by inclusion of their open neighbourhoods. Through a relation to partially ordered sets, we show that the nested chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-04 David Cook

In this paper we introduce a general framework for the study of limits of relational structures in general and graphs in particular, which is based on a combination of model theory and (functional) analysis. We show how the various…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-23 Jaroslav Nesetril , Patrice Ossona De Mendez

In this paper, we aim to address the open questions raised in various recent papers regarding characterization of circulant graphs with three or four distinct eigenvalues in their spectra. Our focus is on providing characterizations and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-11 Milan Bašić

Characterisations of interval graphs, comparability graphs, co-comparability graphs, permutation graphs, and split graphs in terms of linear orderings of the vertex set are presented. As an application, it is proved that interval graphs,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-10-05 David R. Wood

Determining the number of embeddings of Laman graph frameworks is an open problem which corresponds to understanding the solutions of the resulting systems of equations. In this paper we investigate the bounds which can be obtained from the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-03-13 Reinhard Steffens , Thorsten Theobald

In an earlier paper the authors proved that limits of convergent graph sequences can be described by various structures, including certain 2-variable real functions called graphons, random graph models satisfying certain consistency…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-10 László Lovász , Balázs Szegedy

Graph embedding is a transformation of vertices of a graph into set of vectors. Good embeddings should capture the graph topology, vertex-to-vertex relationship, and other relevant information about graphs, subgraphs, and vertices. If these…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Bogumil Kaminski , Pawel Pralat , Francois Theberge

This paper investigates some relationship between the algebraic connectivity and the clique number of graphs. We characterize all extremal graphs which have the maximum and minimum the algebraic connectivity among all graphs of order $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-07-02 Ya-Lei Jin , Xiao-Dong Zhang

The question to enumerate all inclusion-minimal connected dominating sets in a graph of order $n$ in time significantly less than $2^n$ is an open question that was asked in many places. We answer this question affirmatively, by providing…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Faisal Abu-Khzam , Henning Fernau , Benjamin Gras , Mathieu Liedloff , Kevin Mann

We consider 15 properties of labeled random graphs that are of interest in the graph-theoretical and the graph mining literature, such as clustering coefficients, centrality measures, spectral radius, degree assortativity, treedepth,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Hang Chen , Vahan Huroyan , Stephen Kobourov , Myroslav Kryven

We prove new lower bounds on the crossing number of a complete graphs assuming that it is drawn in such a way that it contains a Hamiltonian cycle with no crossings.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-13 Daniel M. Kane