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Transformer architectures deliver state-of-the-art accuracy via dense full-attention, but their quadratic time and memory complexity with respect to sequence length limits practical deployment. Linear attention mechanisms offer linear or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaojie Xia , Huigang Zhang , Chaoliang Zhong , Jun Sun , Yusuke Oishi

Recent papers in neural machine translation have proposed the strict use of attention mechanisms over previous standards such as recurrent and convolutional neural networks (RNNs and CNNs). We propose that by running traditionally stacked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Julian Richard Medina , Jugal Kalita

The Transformer is a fully attention-based alternative to recurrent networks that has achieved state-of-the-art results across a range of NLP tasks. In this paper, we analyze the structure of attention in a Transformer language model, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Jesse Vig , Yonatan Belinkov

Document-level Neural Machine Translation (DocNMT) has been proven crucial for handling discourse phenomena by introducing document-level context information. One of the most important directions is to input the whole document directly to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Zihan Liu , Zewei Sun , Shanbo Cheng , Shujian Huang , Mingxuan Wang

Despite the central role of attention heads in Transformers, we lack tools to understand why a model attends to a particular token. To address this, we study the query-key (QK) space -- the bilinear joint embedding space between queries and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Andrew Lee , Yonatan Belinkov , Fernanda Viégas , Martin Wattenberg

Transformers have offered a new methodology of designing neural networks for visual recognition. Compared to convolutional networks, Transformers enjoy the ability of referring to global features at each stage, yet the attention module…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Jiemin Fang , Lingxi Xie , Xinggang Wang , Xiaopeng Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Qi Tian

Since transformer was firstly published in 2017, several works have been proposed to optimize it. However, the major structure of transformer remains unchanged, ignoring one of its main intrinsic limitations, which is the same static value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Xiaowei Wang

Recently Transformers have provided state-of-the-art performance in sparse matching, crucial to realize high-performance 3D vision applications. Yet, these Transformers lack efficiency due to the quadratic computational complexity of their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Suwichaya Suwanwimolkul , Satoshi Komorita

Impressive performance of Transformer has been attributed to self-attention, where dependencies between entire input in a sequence are considered at every position. In this work, we reform the neural $n$-gram model, which focuses on only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Mengsay Loem , Sho Takase , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

Differential Transformer has recently gained significant attention for its impressive empirical performance, often attributed to its ability to perform noise canceled attention. However, precisely how differential attention achieves its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Chaerin Kong , Jiho Jang , Nojun Kwak

The paradigm of Transformers using the self-attention mechanism has manifested its advantage in learning graph-structured data. Yet, Graph Transformers are capable of modeling full range dependencies but are often deficient in extracting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Minhong Zhu , Zhenhao Zhao , Weiran Cai

Standard transformers entangle all computation in a single residual stream, obscuring which components perform which functions. We introduce the Dual-Stream Transformer, which decomposes the residual stream into two functionally distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 J. Clayton Kerce , Alexis Fox

Transformer models rely on self-attention to capture token dependencies but face challenges in effectively integrating positional information while allowing multi-head attention (MHA) flexibility. Prior methods often model semantic and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jintian Shao , Hongyi Huang , Jiayi Wu , Beiwen Zhang , ZhiYu Wu , You Shan , MingKai Zheng

The neural attention mechanism plays an important role in many natural language processing applications. In particular, the use of multi-head attention extends single-head attention by allowing a model to jointly attend information from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Bang An , Jie Lyu , Zhenyi Wang , Chunyuan Li , Changwei Hu , Fei Tan , Ruiyi Zhang , Yifan Hu , Changyou Chen

Answering multi-hop reasoning questions requires retrieving and synthesizing information from diverse sources. Language models (LMs) struggle to perform such reasoning consistently. We propose an approach to pinpoint and rectify multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Mansi Sakarvadia

Recent research has explored the memorization capacity of multi-head attention, but these findings are constrained by unrealistic limitations on the context size. We present a novel proof for language-based Transformers that extends the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Léo Dana , Muni Sreenivas Pydi , Yann Chevaleyre

Transformer-based deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across numerous language and vision tasks. While the self-attention mechanism, a core component of transformers, has proven capable of handling complex data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Laziz Abdullaev , Tan M. Nguyen

In recent years, point cloud analysis methods based on the Transformer architecture have made significant progress, particularly in the context of multimedia applications such as 3D modeling, virtual reality, and autonomous systems.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Qiang Zheng , Chao Zhang , Jian Sun

Transformers provide a class of expressive architectures that are extremely effective for sequence modeling. However, the key limitation of transformers is their quadratic memory and time complexity $\mathcal{O}(L^2)$ with respect to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Hongyu Ren , Hanjun Dai , Zihang Dai , Mengjiao Yang , Jure Leskovec , Dale Schuurmans , Bo Dai

The quadratic computation complexity of self-attention has been a persistent challenge when applying Transformer models to vision tasks. Linear attention, on the other hand, offers a much more efficient alternative with its linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Dongchen Han , Xuran Pan , Yizeng Han , Shiji Song , Gao Huang