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Code search is vital in the maintenance and extension of software systems. Past works have used separate language models for the natural language and programming language artifacts on models with multiple encoders and different loss…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Monoshiz Mahbub Khan , Zhe Yu

Code summarization generates brief natural language description given a source code snippet, while code retrieval fetches relevant source code given a natural language query. Since both tasks aim to model the association between natural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Wei Ye , Rui Xie , Jinglei Zhang , Tianxiang Hu , Xiaoyin Wang , Shikun Zhang

Information retrieval systems are crucial for enabling effective access to large document collections. Recent approaches have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance retrieval performance through query augmentation, but often rely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pengcheng Jiang , Jiacheng Lin , Lang Cao , Runchu Tian , SeongKu Kang , Zifeng Wang , Jimeng Sun , Jiawei Han

The problem of software artifact retrieval has the goal to effectively locate software artifacts, such as a piece of source code, in a large code repository. This problem has been traditionally addressed through the textual query. In other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Liang Wu , Hui Xiong , Liang Du , Bo Liu , Guandong Xu , Yong Ge , Yanjie Fu , Yuanchun Zhou , Jianhui Li

The increasingly popular adoption of deep learning models in many critical source code tasks motivates the development of data augmentation (DA) techniques to enhance training data and improve various capabilities (e.g., robustness and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Terry Yue Zhuo , Zhou Yang , Zhensu Sun , Yufei Wang , Li Li , Xiaoning Du , Zhenchang Xing , David Lo

Code retrieval, which retrieves code snippets based on users' natural language descriptions, is widely used by developers and plays a pivotal role in real-world software development. The advent of deep learning has shifted the retrieval…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wenchao Gu , Ensheng Shi , Yanlin Wang , Lun Du , Shi Han , Hongyu Zhang , Dongmei Zhang , Michael R. Lyu

Code retrieval is to find the code snippet from a large corpus of source code repositories that highly matches the query of natural language description. Recent work mainly uses natural language processing techniques to process both query…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Xiang Ling , Lingfei Wu , Saizhuo Wang , Gaoning Pan , Tengfei Ma , Fangli Xu , Alex X. Liu , Chunming Wu , Shouling Ji

Program translation is a growing demand in software engineering. Manual program translation requires programming expertise in source and target language. One way to automate this process is to make use of the big data of programs, i.e., Big…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Binger Chen , Ziawasch Abedjan

The immense amounts of source code provide ample challenges and opportunities during software development. To handle the size of code bases, developers commonly search for code, e.g., when trying to find where a particular feature is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Luca Di Grazia , Michael Pradel

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation but struggle with complex problems. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this issue by integrating external knowledge, yet retrieval models often miss relevant context, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Shahd Seddik , Fahd Seddik , Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard , Minh Hieu Huynh , Patanamon Thongtanunam

The programming skill is one crucial ability for Large Language Models (LLMs), necessitating a deep understanding of programming languages (PLs) and their correlation with natural languages (NLs). We examine the impact of pre-training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Demin Song , Honglin Guo , Yunhua Zhou , Shuhao Xing , Yudong Wang , Zifan Song , Wenwei Zhang , Qipeng Guo , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu , Dahua Lin

Code retrieval is a common practice for programmers to reuse existing code snippets in open-source repositories. Given a user query (i.e., a natural language description), code retrieval aims at searching for the most relevant ones from a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Wenchao Gu , Zongjie Li , Cuiyun Gao , Chaozheng Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Zenglin Xu , Michael R. Lyu

Code search engine is an essential tool in software development. Many code search methods have sprung up, focusing on the overall ranking performance of code search. In this paper, we study code search from another perspective by analyzing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Sheng Zhang , Hui Li , Yanlin Wang , Zhao Wei , Yong Xiu , Juhong Wang , Rongong Ji

Recent studies have proposed leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) as information retrievers through query rewriting. However, for challenging corpora, we argue that enhancing queries alone is insufficient for robust semantic matching;…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jingming Liu , Yumeng Li , Wei Shi , Yao-Xiang Ding , Hui Su , Kun Zhou

Semantic code search is the task of retrieving relevant code given a natural language query. While related to other information retrieval tasks, it requires bridging the gap between the language used in code (often abbreviated and highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Hamel Husain , Ho-Hsiang Wu , Tiferet Gazit , Miltiadis Allamanis , Marc Brockschmidt

The latest developments in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have demonstrated remarkable progress in a code-text retrieval problem. As the Transformer-based models used in this task continue to increase in size, the computational costs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Karim Galliamov , Leila Khaertdinova , Karina Denisova

Retrieval-augmented language models pose a promising alternative to standard language modeling. During pretraining, these models search in a corpus of documents for contextually relevant information that could aid the language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 David Samuel , Lucas Georges Gabriel Charpentier , Sondre Wold

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable code generation capabilities but falter when adapting to frequent updates in external library APIs. This critical limitation, stemming from reliance on outdated API knowledge from their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Haoze Wu , Yunzhi Yao , Wenhao Yu , Ningyu Zhang

Source code summarization aims to generate natural language summaries from structured code snippets for better understanding code functionalities. However, automatic code summarization is challenging due to the complexity of the source code…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Shangqing Liu , Yu Chen , Xiaofei Xie , Jingkai Siow , Yang Liu

Large language models record impressive performance on many natural language processing tasks. However, their knowledge capacity is limited to the pretraining corpus. Retrieval augmentation offers an effective solution by retrieving context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Sai Munikoti , Anurag Acharya , Sridevi Wagle , Sameera Horawalavithana