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While self-attention has been instrumental in the success of Transformers, it can lead to over-concentration on a few tokens during training, resulting in suboptimal information flow. Enforcing doubly-stochastic constraints in attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ashkan Shahbazi , Elaheh Akbari , Darian Salehi , Xinran Liu , Navid Naderializadeh , Soheil Kolouri

This paper addresses the problem of self-supervised video representation learning from a new perspective -- by video pace prediction. It stems from the observation that human visual system is sensitive to video pace, e.g., slow motion, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Jiangliu Wang , Jianbo Jiao , Yun-Hui Liu

Prediction tasks about students have practical significance for both student and college. Making multiple predictions about students is an important part of a smart campus. For instance, predicting whether a student will fail to graduate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Haobing Liu , Yanmin Zhu , Tianzi Zang , Yanan Xu , Jiadi Yu , Feilong Tang

Knowledge tracing is a technique that predicts students' future performance by analyzing their learning process through historical interactions with intelligent educational platforms, enabling a precise evaluation of their knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Zhiyu Chen , Wei Ji , Jing Xiao , Zitao Liu

The ability to accurately predict and analyze student performance in online education, both at the outset and throughout the semester, is vital. Most of the published studies focus on binary classification (Fail or Pass) but there is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Naveed Ur Rehman Junejo , Muhammad Wasim Nawaz , Qingsheng Huang , Xiaoqing Dong , Chang Wang , Gengzhong Zheng

We investigate a deep reinforcement learning (RL) architecture that supports explaining why a learned agent prefers one action over another. The key idea is to learn action-values that are directly represented via human-understandable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Zhengxian Lin , Kim-Ho Lam , Alan Fern

Despite their popularity, machine learning predictions are sensitive to potential unobserved predictors. This paper proposes a general algorithm that assesses how the omission of an unobserved variable with high explanatory power could…

Procrastination, the irrational delay of tasks, is a common occurrence in online learning. Potential negative consequences include higher risk of drop-outs, increased stress, and reduced mood. Due to the rise of learning management systems…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-01 Christof Imhof , Ioan-Sorin Comsa , Martin Hlosta , Behnam Parsaeifard , Ivan Moser , Per Bergamin

Supporting students in developing effective diagnostic reasoning is a key challenge in various educational domains. Novices often struggle with cognitive biases such as premature closure and over-reliance on heuristics. Scenario-based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Fatma Betül Güreş , Tanya Nazaretsky , Bahar Radmehr , Martina Rau , Tanja Käser

Adaptive learning systems can produce substantial learning gains, yet many students engage for too brief or too superficial a period to benefit. A central obstacle is measuring effort. Effort during multi-step problem solving is rarely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Lijin Zhang , Kexin Yang , Tomohiro Nagashima , Benjamin W. Domingue

Academic performance prediction aims to leverage student-related information to predict their future academic outcomes, which is beneficial to numerous educational applications, such as personalized teaching and academic early warning. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Chaoran Cui , Jian Zong , Yuling Ma , Xinhua Wang , Lei Guo , Meng Chen , Yilong Yin

Modeling task-driven attention in driving is a fundamental challenge for both autonomous vehicles and cognitive science. Existing methods primarily predict where drivers look by generating spatial heatmaps, but fail to capture the cognitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yuchen Zhou , Jiayu Tang , Xiaoyan Xiao , Yueyao Lin , Linkai Liu , Zipeng Guo , Hao Fei , Xiaobo Xia , Chao Gou

Activation-based steering can personalize large language models at inference time, but its effects in educational settings remain unclear. We study persona vectors for seven character traits in short-answer generation and automated scoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yongchao Wu , Aron Henriksson

The study explores the potential of AI technologies in personalized learning, suggesting the prediction of academic success through leadership personality traits and machine learning modelling. The primary data were obtained from 129…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Nitsa J Herzog , Rejwan Bin Sulaiman , David J Herzog , Rose Fong

Latin America's education systems are fragmented and segregated, with substantial differences by school type. The concept of school efficiency (the ability of school to produce the maximum level of outputs given available resources) is…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-06 Marcos Delprato

Expert persona prompting -- assigning roles such as expert in math to language models -- is widely used for task improvement. However, prior work shows mixed results on its effectiveness, and does not consider when and why personas should…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Pedro Henrique Luz de Araujo , Paul Röttger , Dirk Hovy , Benjamin Roth

Blended courses that mix in-person instruction with online platforms are increasingly popular in secondary education. These tools record a rich amount of data on students' study habits and social interactions. Prior research has shown that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Niki Gitinabard , Yiqiao Xu , Sarah Heckman , Tiffany Barnes , Collin F. Lynch

Knowledge tracing is the task of predicting a learner's future performance based on the history of the learner's performance. Current knowledge tracing models are built based on an extensive set of data that are collected from multiple…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Sujanya Suresh , Savitha Ramasamy , P. N. Suganthan , Cheryl Sze Yin Wong

Early prediction of students at risk (STAR) is an effective and significant means to provide timely intervention for dropout and suicide. Existing works mostly rely on either online or offline learning behaviors which are not comprehensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Yu Yang , Zhiyuan Wen , Jiannong Cao , Jiaxing Shen , Hongzhi Yin , Xiaofang Zhou

Predictions about people, such as their expected educational achievement or their credit risk, can be performative and shape the outcome that they aim to predict. Understanding the causal effect of these predictions on the eventual outcomes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-19 Celestine Mendler-Dünner , Frances Ding , Yixin Wang