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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising results for semi-supervised learning tasks on graphs such as node classification. Despite the great success of GNNs, many real-world graphs are often sparsely and noisily labeled, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Enyan Dai , Charu Aggarwal , Suhang Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling graph-structured data. However, existing GNNs often struggle with heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes tend to have dissimilar features or labels. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ruizhong Qiu , Ting-Wei Li , Gaotang Li , Hanghang Tong

In this paper, for the first time, we study label propagation in heterogeneous graphs under heterophily assumption. Homophily label propagation (i.e., two connected nodes share similar labels) in homogeneous graph (with same types of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-24 Dingxiong Deng , Fan Bai , Yiqi Tang , Shuigeng Zhou , Cyrus Shahabi , Linhong Zhu

Graph neural networks have become the standard approach for dealing with learning problems on graphs. Among the different variants of graph neural networks, graph attention networks (GATs) have been applied with great success to different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Michail Chatzianastasis , Giannis Nikolentzos , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Label noise is a common challenge in large datasets, as it can significantly degrade the generalization ability of deep neural networks. Most existing studies focus on noisy labels in computer vision; however, graph models encompass both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yao Cheng , Caihua Shan , Yifei Shen , Xiang Li , Siqiang Luo , Dongsheng Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown their great ability in modeling graph structured data. However, real-world graphs usually contain structure noises and have limited labeled nodes. The performance of GNNs would drop significantly when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Enyan Dai , Wei Jin , Hui Liu , Suhang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated strong performance in graph mining tasks due to their message-passing mechanism, which is aligned with the homophily assumption that adjacent nodes exhibit similar behaviors. However, in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Zhuonan Zheng , Yuanchen Bei , Sheng Zhou , Yao Ma , Ming Gu , HongJia XU , Chengyu Lai , Jiawei Chen , Jiajun Bu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become pivotal tools for a range of graph-based learning tasks. Notably, most current GNN architectures operate under the assumption of homophily, whether explicitly or implicitly. While this underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Kun Wang , Guibin Zhang , Xinnan Zhang , Junfeng Fang , Xun Wu , Guohao Li , Shirui Pan , Wei Huang , Yuxuan Liang

Graphs are structured data that models complex relations between real-world entities. Heterophilic graphs, where linked nodes are prone to be with different labels or dissimilar features, have recently attracted significant attention and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Chenghua Gong , Yao Cheng , Jianxiang Yu , Can Xu , Caihua Shan , Siqiang Luo , Xiang Li

We investigate the representation power of graph neural networks in the semi-supervised node classification task under heterophily or low homophily, i.e., in networks where connected nodes may have different class labels and dissimilar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Jiong Zhu , Yujun Yan , Lingxiao Zhao , Mark Heimann , Leman Akoglu , Danai Koutra

In the semi-supervised setting where labeled data are largely limited, it remains to be a big challenge for message passing based graph neural networks (GNNs) to learn feature representations for the nodes with the same class label that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Acong Zhang , Ping Li , Guanrong Chen

Existing multiplex graph models often assume homophily, where connected nodes tend to belong to the same class or share similar attributes. Consequently, these models may struggle with graphs exhibiting heterophily, where connected nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Kamel Abdous , Nairouz Mrabah , Mohamed Bouguessa

Graph Neural Network (GNN) research has highlighted a relationship between high homophily (i.e., the tendency of nodes of the same class to connect) and strong predictive performance in node classification. However, recent work has found…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Donald Loveland , Jiong Zhu , Mark Heimann , Benjamin Fish , Michael T. Schaub , Danai Koutra

The message-passing mechanism of graph convolutional networks (i.e., GCNs) enables label information to reach more unlabeled neighbors, thereby increasing the utilization of labels. However, the additional label information does not always…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jincheng Huang , Yujie Mo , Xiaoshuang Shi , Lei Feng , Xiaofeng Zhu

Many recent works have studied the performance of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in the context of graph homophily - a label-dependent measure of connectivity. Traditional GNNs generate node embeddings by aggregating information from a node's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Hesham Mostafa , Marcel Nassar , Somdeb Majumdar

Label propagation is a powerful and flexible semi-supervised learning technique on graphs. Neural networks, on the other hand, have proven track records in many supervised learning tasks. In this work, we propose a training framework with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Thang D. Bui , Sujith Ravi , Vivek Ramavajjala

Graph neural networks (GNNs) often struggle to learn discriminative node representations for heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes tend to have dissimilar labels and feature similarity provides weak structural cues. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Ayushman Raghuvanshi , Gonzalo Mateos , Sundeep Prabhakar Chepuri

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have received increasing attention for representation learning in various machine learning tasks. However, most existing GNNs applying neighborhood aggregation usually perform poorly on the graph with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Wei Zhuo , Guang Tan

The message-passing mechanism underlying Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is not naturally suited for heterophilic datasets, where adjacent nodes often have different labels. Most solutions to this problem remain confined to the task of node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Andrea Giuseppe Di Francesco , Francesco Caso , Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Fabrizio Silvestri

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in various graph mining tasks by aggregating information from neighborhoods for representation learning. The success relies on the homophily assumption that nearby nodes exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Zhuonan Zheng , Sheng Zhou , Hongjia Xu , Ming Gu , Yilun Xu , Ao Li , Yuhong Li , Jingjun Gu , Jiajun Bu