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Neural Stochastic Differential Equations (Neural SDEs) provide a principled framework for modeling continuous-time stochastic processes and have been widely adopted in fields ranging from physics to finance. Recent advances suggest that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yuanjian Xu , Yuan Shuai , Jianing Hao , Guang Zhang

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are being used to solve a wide range of problems in many domains including safety-critical domains like self-driving cars and medical imagery. DNNs suffer from vulnerability against adversarial attacks. In the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Vipul Gupta , Apurva Narayan

To quantify uncertainties in inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs), we formulate them into statistical inference problems using Bayes' formula. Recently, well-justified infinite-dimensional Bayesian analysis methods have…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Junxiong Jia , Yanni Wu , Peijun Li , Deyu Meng

Neural networks are discrete entities: subdivided into discrete layers and parametrized by weights which are iteratively optimized via difference equations. Recent work proposes networks with layer outputs which are no longer quantized but…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Stefano Massaroli , Michael Poli , Federico Califano , Angela Faragasso , Jinkyoo Park , Atsushi Yamashita , Hajime Asama

An Undirected Weighted Network (UWN) is commonly found in big data-related applications. Note that such a network's information connected with its nodes, and edges can be expressed as a Symmetric, High-Dimensional and Incomplete (SHDI)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yurong Zhong , Zhe Xie , Weiling Li , Xin Luo

Solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) using neural networks presents different challenges, including integration errors and spectral bias, often leading to poor approximations. In addition, standard neural network-based methods,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Pablo Herrera , Jamie M. Taylor , Carlos Uriarte , Ignacio Muga , David Pardo , Kristoffer G. van der Zee

We propose a method combining boundary integral equations and neural networks (BINet) to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) in both bounded and unbounded domains. Unlike existing solutions that directly operate over original PDEs,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Guochang Lin , Pipi Hu , Fukai Chen , Xiang Chen , Junqing Chen , Jun Wang , Zuoqiang Shi

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial examples obtained by adding small perturbations to original examples. The added perturbations in existing attacks are mainly determined by the gradient of the loss function with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Chen Wan , Fangjun Huang

We present polynomial-augmented neural networks (PANNs), a novel machine learning architecture that combines deep neural networks (DNNs) with a polynomial approximant. PANNs combine the strengths of DNNs (flexibility and efficiency in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Madison Cooley , Shandian Zhe , Robert M. Kirby , Varun Shankar

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are powerful surrogates for differential equations but are notoriously difficult to train due to spectral bias, stiffness, and poor accuracy on high-frequency or multiscale solutions. Adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yuan-dong Cao , Chi Chiu SO , Jun-Min Wang , He Wang

This paper presents the Tensor Product Network (TPNet), a novel neural architecture for efficient and accurate function approximation and PDE solving. The core of the proposal involves constructing the solution explicitly as a linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Qihong Yang , Yangtao Deng , Qiaolin He , Shiquan Zhang

Design and optimal control problems are among the fundamental, ubiquitous tasks we face in science and engineering. In both cases, we aim to represent and optimize an unknown (black-box) function that associates a performance/outcome to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Sifan Wang , Mohamed Aziz Bhouri , Paris Perdikaris

Scientific machine learning is an emerging field that broadly describes the combination of scientific computing and machine learning to address challenges in science and engineering. Within the context of differential equations, this has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Laurens R. Lueg , Victor Alves , Daniel Schicksnus , John R. Kitchin , Carl D. Laird , Lorenz T. Biegler

Operator learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for developing efficient surrogate models to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). However, existing approaches often overlook the domain knowledge inherent in the underlying PDEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ziqian Li , Kang Liu , Yongcun Song , Hangrui Yue , Enrique Zuazua

The physical world is governed by the laws of physics, often represented in form of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Unfortunately, solution of PDEs is non-trivial and often involves significant computational time. With…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-25 Yash Kumar , Souvik Chakraborty

In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique is developed to find solution of celebrated Fractional order Differential Equations (FDE). Compared to integer order differential equation, FDE has the advantage that it can better…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-10-15 Susmita Mall , S. Chakraverty

Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) has proven itself a powerful tool to obtain the numerical solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) leveraging the expressivity of deep neural networks and the computing power of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-12 Yanlai Chen , Shawn Koohy

High-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) pose significant challenges for numerical computation due to the curse of dimensionality, which limits the applicability of traditional mesh-based methods. Since 2017, the Deep BSDE…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-26 Jiequn Han , Arnulf Jentzen , Weinan E

We propose a scalable preconditioned primal-dual hybrid gradient algorithm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). We multiply the PDE with a dual test function to obtain an inf-sup problem whose loss functional involves…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Shu Liu , Stanley Osher , Wuchen Li

The curse of dimensionality is commonly encountered in numerical partial differential equations (PDE), especially when uncertainties have to be modeled into the equations as random coefficients. However, very often the variability of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-01 Yuehaw Khoo , Jianfeng Lu , Lexing Ying