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Top-down transparency typically analyzes language model activations using probes with scalar or single-token outputs, limiting the range of behaviors that can be captured. To alleviate this issue, we develop a more expressive probe that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Alexander Pan , Lijie Chen , Jacob Steinhardt

The exponential growth of AI in science necessitates efficient and scalable solutions for retrieving and preserving research information. Here, we present a tool for the development of a customized question-answer (QA) dataset, called…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Qiming Liu , Zhongzheng Niu , Siting Liu , Mao Tian

We present FoQA, a Faroese extractive question-answering (QA) dataset with 2,000 samples, created using a semi-automated approach combining Large Language Models (LLMs) and human validation. The dataset was generated from Faroese Wikipedia…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Annika Simonsen , Dan Saattrup Nielsen , Hafsteinn Einarsson

Open-Domain Conversational Question Answering (ODConvQA) aims at answering questions through a multi-turn conversation based on a retriever-reader pipeline, which retrieves passages and then predicts answers with them. However, such a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

Language model pre-training has been shown to capture a surprising amount of world knowledge, crucial for NLP tasks such as question answering. However, this knowledge is stored implicitly in the parameters of a neural network, requiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Kelvin Guu , Kenton Lee , Zora Tung , Panupong Pasupat , Ming-Wei Chang

Complex question answering over knowledge base (Complex KBQA) is challenging because it requires various compositional reasoning capabilities, such as multi-hop inference, attribute comparison, set operation. Existing benchmarks have some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Shulin Cao , Jiaxin Shi , Liangming Pan , Lunyiu Nie , Yutong Xiang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li , Bin He , Hanwang Zhang

We present a Conversational Chain-of-Action (Conv-CoA) framework for Open-domain Conversational Question Answering (OCQA). Compared with literature, Conv-CoA addresses three major challenges: (i) unfaithful hallucination that is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Zhenyu Pan , Haozheng Luo , Manling Li , Han Liu

Product Question Answering (PQA) systems are key in e-commerce applications to provide responses to customers' questions as they shop for products. While existing work on PQA focuses mainly on English, in practice there is need to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Xiaoyu Shen , Akari Asai , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

We present NewsQA, a challenging machine comprehension dataset of over 100,000 human-generated question-answer pairs. Crowdworkers supply questions and answers based on a set of over 10,000 news articles from CNN, with answers consisting of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-08 Adam Trischler , Tong Wang , Xingdi Yuan , Justin Harris , Alessandro Sordoni , Philip Bachman , Kaheer Suleman

We propose a pre-training objective based on question answering (QA) for learning general-purpose contextual representations, motivated by the intuition that the representation of a phrase in a passage should encode all questions that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Robin Jia , Mike Lewis , Luke Zettlemoyer

Most existing approaches for Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) focus on a specific underlying knowledge base either because of inherent assumptions in the approach, or because evaluating it on a different knowledge base requires…

We equip a smaller Language Model to generalise to answering challenging compositional questions that have not been seen in training. To do so we propose a combination of multitask supervised pretraining on up to 93 tasks designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Tim Hartill , Neset Tan , Michael Witbrock , Patricia J. Riddle

Recently proposed systems for open-domain question answering (OpenQA) require large amounts of training data to achieve state-of-the-art performance. However, data annotation is known to be time-consuming and therefore expensive to acquire.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Piotr Rybak , Piotr Przybyła , Maciej Ogrodniczuk

Users post numerous product-related questions on e-commerce platforms, affecting their purchase decisions. Product-related question answering (PQA) entails utilizing product-related resources to provide precise responses to users. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yifei Yuan , Yang Deng , Anders Søgaard , Mohammad Aliannejadi

The problem of Rehearsal-Free Continual Learning (RFCL) aims to continually learn new knowledge while preventing forgetting of the old knowledge, without storing any old samples and prototypes. The latest methods leverage large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Xinyuan Gao , Songlin Dong , Yuhang He , Qiang Wang , Yihong Gong

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated commendable performance across a myriad of domains and tasks, existing LLMs still exhibit a palpable deficit in handling multimodal functionalities, especially for the Spoken Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Zihan Zhao , Yiyang Jiang , Heyang Liu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods are viable solutions for addressing the static memory limits of pre-trained language models. Nevertheless, encountering conflicting sources of information within the retrieval context is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Quang Hieu Pham , Hoang Ngo , Anh Tuan Luu , Dat Quoc Nguyen

Retrieval augmented language models have recently become the standard for knowledge intensive tasks. Rather than relying purely on latent semantics within the parameters of large neural models, these methods enlist a semi-parametric memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Wenhu Chen , Pat Verga , Michiel de Jong , John Wieting , William Cohen

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their performance in domain-specific applications and non-English languages remains less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dragos-Dumitru Ghinea , Adela-Nicoleta Corbeanu , Adrian-Marius Dumitran

Recently machine learning is being applied to almost every data domain one of which is Question Answering Systems (QAS). A typical Question Answering System is fairly an information retrieval system, which matches documents or text and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Muhammad Zain Amin , Noman Nadeem
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