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Related papers: Retrieval-guided Counterfactual Generation for QA

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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a powerful and widely used approach for improving large language models by grounding generation in retrieved evidence. However, RAG systems still produce incorrect answers in many cases. Why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kai Guo , Xinnan Dai , Zhibo Zhang , Nuohan Lin , Shenglai Zeng , Jie Ren , Haoyu Han , Jiliang Tang

Relation extraction is an important but challenging task that aims to extract all hidden relational facts from the text. With the development of deep language models, relation extraction methods have achieved good performance on various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Sheng Zhang , Patrick Ng , Zhiguo Wang , Bing Xiang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieval models for identifying relevant contexts and answer generation models for utilizing those contexts. However, retrievers exhibit imperfect recall and precision, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Risham Sidhu , Cheng Niu , Hao Peng , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

Language models (LMs) are known to suffer from hallucinations and misinformation. Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) that retrieves verifiable information from an external knowledge corpus to complement the parametric knowledge in LMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Zhuohang Li , Jiaxin Zhang , Chao Yan , Kamalika Das , Sricharan Kumar , Murat Kantarcioglu , Bradley A. Malin

Counterfactual generation lies at the core of various machine learning tasks, including image translation and controllable text generation. This generation process usually requires the identification of the disentangled latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Hanqi Yan , Lingjing Kong , Lin Gui , Yuejie Chi , Eric Xing , Yulan He , Kun Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently demonstrated the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the knowledge-intensive tasks such as Question-Answering (QA). RAG expands the query context by incorporating external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zijian Hei , Weiling Liu , Wenjie Ou , Juyi Qiao , Junming Jiao , Guowen Song , Ting Tian , Yi Lin

One of the prominent methods for explaining the decision of a machine-learning classifier is by a counterfactual example. Most current algorithms for generating such examples in the textual domain are based on generative language models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Daniel Gilo , Shaul Markovitch

Despite the significant progress of large language models (LLMs) in various tasks, they often produce factual errors due to their limited internal knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which enhances LLMs with external knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yuanjie Lyu , Zihan Niu , Zheyong Xie , Chao Zhang , Tong Xu , Yang Wang , Enhong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation but struggle with complex problems. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this issue by integrating external knowledge, yet retrieval models often miss relevant context, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Shahd Seddik , Fahd Seddik , Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard , Minh Hieu Huynh , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Incorporating specific knowledge into large language models via retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a widespread technique that fuels many of today's industry AI applications. A fundamental problem is to assess if the context retrieved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Florian Geissler , Francesco Carella , Laura Fieback , Jakob Spiegelberg

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves knowledge-intensive question answering by incorporating external evidence. However, existing RAG methods still suffer from hallucinations and subtle reasoning errors. Recent studies introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenhan Xiao , Ziwei Zhang , Chuanyue Yu , Xingcheng Fu , Qingyun Sun , Runhua Xu , Jianxin Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, although their susceptibility to hallucination poses significant challenges for their deployment in critical areas such as healthcare. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Mengjia Niu , Hao Li , Jie Shi , Hamed Haddadi , Fan Mo

Large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for constructing knowledge graphs (KGs) from unstructured clinical narratives. However, existing approaches often rely on structured inputs and lack robust validation of factual accuracy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Udiptaman Das , Krishnasai B. Atmakuri , Duy Ho , Chi Lee , Yugyung Lee

Pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) can enhance average retrieval effectiveness over a sufficiently large number of queries. However, PRF often introduces a drift into the original information need, thus hurting the retrieval effectiveness of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Suchana Datta , Debasis Ganguly , Sean MacAvaney , Derek Greene

Retrieval-augmented generation has gained significant attention due to its ability to integrate relevant external knowledge, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the LLMs' responses. Most of the existing methods apply a dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Liang Xiao , Wen Dai , Shuai Chen , Bin Qin , Chongyang Shi , Haopeng Jing , Tianyu Guo

Counterfactual explanations have been successfully applied to create human interpretable explanations for various black-box models. They are handy for tasks in the image domain, where the quality of the explanations benefits from recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Trung Duc Ha , Sidney Bender

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a cost-effective approach to injecting real-time knowledge into large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, constructing and validating high-quality knowledge repositories require considerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xun Liang , Simin Niu , Zhiyu li , Sensen Zhang , Shichao Song , Hanyu Wang , Jiawei Yang , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Chenyang Xi

Counterfactuals have become a popular technique nowadays for interacting with black-box machine learning models and understanding how to change a particular instance to obtain a desired outcome from the model. However, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Philip Naumann , Eirini Ntoutsi

Automatic generation of paraphrases from a given sentence is an important yet challenging task in natural language processing (NLP), and plays a key role in a number of applications such as question answering, search, and dialogue. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Zichao Li , Xin Jiang , Lifeng Shang , Hang Li

Language models have achieved impressive performances on dialogue generation tasks. However, when generating responses for a conversation that requires factual knowledge, they are far from perfect, due to an absence of mechanisms to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Minki Kang , Jin Myung Kwak , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang
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