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Arctic regions, such as northern Canada, face significant challenges in achieving consistent connectivity and low-latency computing services due to the sparse coverage of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. To enhance service reliability in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Mohammed Almekhlafi , Antoine Lesage-Landry , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

Satellite networks with wide coverage are considered natural extensions to terrestrial networks for their long-distance end-to-end (E2E) service provisioning. However, the inherent topology dynamics of low earth orbit satellite networks and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Chenxi Bao , Di Zhou , Min Sheng , Yan Shi , Jiandong Li , Zhili Sun

The deployment of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites with terrestrial networks can potentially increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of relaying content from a data center to a set of edge caches hosted by 6G and beyond enabled macro…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-24 Basem Abdellatif , Mostafa M. Shibl , Tamer Khattab , John Tadrous , Tarek ElFouly , Nizar Zorba

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites utilizing beam hopping (BH) technology offer extensive coverage, low latency, high bandwidth, and significant flexibility. However, the uneven geographical distribution and temporal variability of ground…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Ruili Zhao , Jun Cai , Jiangtao Luo , Junpeng Gao , Yongyi Ran

The next frontier towards truly ubiquitous connectivity is the use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small-satellite constellations to support 5G and Beyond-5G (B5G) networks. Besides enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and massive machine-type…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Maik Röper , Dirk Wübben , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

This work investigates resource optimization in heterogeneous satellite clusters performing autonomous Earth Observation (EO) missions using Reinforcement Learning (RL). In the proposed setting, two optical satellites and one Synthetic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohamad A. Hady , Siyi Hu , Mahardhika Pratama , Zehong Cao , Ryszard Kowalczyk

Despite significant advancements in terrestrial networks, inherent limitations persist in providing reliable coverage to remote areas and maintaining resilience during natural disasters. Multi-tier networks with low Earth orbit (LEO)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jiahui Li , Geng Sun , Zemin Sun , Jiacheng Wang , Yinqiu Liu , Ruichen Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Shiwen Mao

The proliferation of large-scale low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations is driving the need for intelligent routing strategies that can effectively deliver data to terrestrial networks under rapidly time-varying topologies and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sivaram Krishnan , Zhouyou Gu , Jihong Park , Sung-Min Oh , Jinho Choi

Earth Observation (EO) systems are crucial for cartography, disaster surveillance, and resource administration. Nonetheless, they encounter considerable obstacles in the processing and transmission of extensive data, especially in…

This paper presents a study of an integrated satellite-terrestrial network, where Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites are used to provide the backhaul link between base stations (BSs) and the core network. The mobility of LEO satellites raises…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Hung Nguyen-Kha , Vu Nguyen Ha , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Joel Grotz

Modern Earth Observation (EO) missions generate massive volumes of imagery that challenge existing downlink and ground-processing capabilities, particularly for time-critical applications. This work investigates how a low Earth orbit (LEO)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Beatriz Soret , Antonio M. Mercado-Martínez , Antonio Jurado-Navas , Nicolai D. Lyholm , Marco Moretti , Petar Popovski , Israel Leyva-Mayorga

Ensuring network resilience in 6G and beyond is essential to maintain service continuity during base station (BS) outages due to failures, disasters, attacks, or energy-saving operations. This paper proposes a novel resilience optimization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Dinh-Hieu Tran , Nguyen Van Huynh , Van Nhan Vo , Madyan Alsenwi , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas

The exponential growth of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites has revolutionised Earth Observation (EO) missions, addressing challenges in climate monitoring, disaster management, and more. However, autonomous coordination in multi-satellite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Mohamad A. Hady , Siyi Hu , Mahardhika Pratama , Jimmy Cao , Ryszard Kowalczyk

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega constellations are beginning to include laser inter-satellite links (LISLs) to extend the Internet to the most remote locations on Earth. Since the process of establishing these links incurs a setup…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Dhiraj Bhattacharjee , Pablo G. Madoery , Aizaz U. Chaudhry , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Peng Hu , Khaled Ahmed , Stephane Martel

We investigate a multi-low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite system that simultaneously provides positioning and communication services to terrestrial user terminals. To address the challenges of accurately acquiring channel state information in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yuchen Zhang , Pinjun Zheng , Jie Ma , Henk Wymeersch , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Cooperative positioning with multiple low earth orbit (LEO) satellites is promising in providing location-based services and enhancing satellite-terrestrial communication. However, positioning accuracy is greatly affected by inter-beam…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hongtao Xv , Yaohua Sun , Yafei Zhao , Mugen Peng , Shijie Zhang

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites play an essential role in intelligent Earth observation by leveraging artificial intelligence models. However, limited onboard memory and excessive inference delay prevent the practical deployment of large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Songge Zhang , Wen Wu , Liang Li , Ye Wang , Xuemin , Shen

Networked low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations enabled by inter-satellite links offer a promising path toward ubiquitous broadband non-terrestrial services. However, fast orbital motion induces frequent scheduling updates and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Yuchen Zhang , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

A mega-constellation of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites has the potential to enable long-range communication with low latency. Integrating this with burgeoning unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted non-terrestrial networks will be a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Ju-Hyung Lee , Jihong Park , Mehdi Bennis , Young-Chai Ko

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks are emerging as a key infrastructure for global connectivity and space-based sensing. Many tasks in such systems can be formulated as measurement-set-to-spatial-inference problems, where spatial…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Liping Tao , Xindi Tong , Chee Wei Tan