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The practice of deep learning has shown that neural networks generalize remarkably well even with an extreme number of learned parameters. This appears to contradict traditional statistical wisdom, in which a trade-off between model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Yifei Wang , Yixuan Hua , Emmanuel Candés , Mert Pilanci

Large number of ReLU and MAC operations of Deep neural networks make them ill-suited for latency and compute-efficient private inference. In this paper, we present a model optimization method that allows a model to learn to be shallow. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Souvik Kundu , Yuke Zhang , Dake Chen , Peter A. Beerel

Deep feedforward neural networks with piecewise linear activations are currently producing the state-of-the-art results in several public datasets. The combination of deep learning models and piecewise linear activation functions allows for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-11-03 Zhibin Liao , Gustavo Carneiro

Most deep neural networks use simple, fixed activation functions, such as sigmoids or rectified linear units, regardless of domain or network structure. We introduce differential equation units (DEUs), an improvement to modern neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 MohamadAli Torkamani , Phillip Wallis , Shiv Shankar , Amirmohammad Rooshenas

The implicit bias induced by the training of neural networks has become a topic of rigorous study. In the limit of gradient flow and gradient descent with appropriate step size, it has been shown that when one trains a deep linear network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Thien Le , Stefanie Jegelka

In past few years, linear rectified unit activation functions have shown its significance in the neural networks, surpassing the performance of sigmoid activations. RELU (Nair & Hinton, 2010), ELU (Clevert et al., 2015), PRELU (He et al.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Vijay Pandey

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have garnered significant attention in various fields of science and technology in recent years. Activation functions define how neurons in DNNs process incoming signals for them. They are essential for learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Jianfei Li , Han Feng , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Neural networks often operate in the overparameterized regime, in which there are far more parameters than training samples, allowing the training data to be fit perfectly. That is, training the network effectively learns an interpolating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Suzanna Parkinson , Greg Ongie , Rebecca Willett

Two networks are equivalent if they produce the same output for any given input. In this paper, we study the possibility of transforming a deep neural network to another network with a different number of units or layers, which can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Abhinav Kumar , Thiago Serra , Srikumar Ramalingam

This paper presents a novel framework for understanding trained ReLU networks as random, affine functions, where the randomness is induced by the distribution over the inputs. By characterizing the probability distribution of the network's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Shreyas Chaudhari , José M. F. Moura

An artificial neuron is modelled as a weighted summation followed by an activation function which determines its output. A wide variety of activation functions such as rectified linear units (ReLU), leaky-ReLU, Swish, MISH, etc. have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar Minhas , Amina Asif

This paper provides a theoretical framework on the solution of feedforward ReLU networks for interpolations, in terms of what is called an interpolation matrix, which is the summary, extension and generalization of our three preceding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Changcun Huang

Deep learning empirically achieves high performance in many applications, but its training dynamics has not been fully understood theoretically. In this paper, we explore theoretical analysis on training two-layer ReLU neural networks in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-30 Shunta Akiyama , Taiji Suzuki

We present a simple proof for the benefit of depth in multi-layer feedforward network with rectified activation ("depth separation"). Specifically we present a sequence of classification problems indexed by $m$ such that (a) for any fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Asaf Amrami , Yoav Goldberg

We consider deep feedforward neural networks with rectified linear units from a signal processing perspective. In this view, such representations mark the transition from using a single (data-driven) linear representation to utilizing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Andreas Heinecke , Wen-Liang Hwang

A neural network with one hidden layer or a two-layer network (regardless of the input layer) is the simplest feedforward neural network, whose mechanism may be the basis of more general network architectures. However, even to this type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Changcun Huang

In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) achieved unprecedented performance in many low-level vision tasks. However, state-of-the-art results are typically achieved by very deep networks, which can reach tens of layers with tens of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Idan Kligvasser , Tamar Rott Shaham , Tomer Michaeli

Neural networks activated by the rectified linear unit (ReLU) play a central role in the recent development of deep learning. The topic of approximating functions from H\"older spaces by these networks is crucial for understanding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Tong Mao , Ding-Xuan Zhou

We study layered neural networks of rectified linear units (ReLU) in a modelling framework for stochastic training processes. The comparison with sigmoidal activation functions is in the center of interest. We compute typical learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Elisa Oostwal , Michiel Straat , Michael Biehl

Understanding the implicit regularization (or implicit bias) of gradient descent has recently been a very active research area. However, the implicit regularization in nonlinear neural networks is still poorly understood, especially for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Gal Vardi , Ohad Shamir