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Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

The advent of transformer-based models such as BERT has led to the rise of neural ranking models. These models have improved the effectiveness of retrieval systems well beyond that of lexical term matching models such as BM25. While…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Suraj Nair , Eugene Yang , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh , Paul McNamee , Kenton Murray , James Mayfield , Douglas W. Oard

In this paper, we introduce DOCmT5, a multilingual sequence-to-sequence language model pretrained with large scale parallel documents. While previous approaches have focused on leveraging sentence-level parallel data, we try to build a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Aditya Siddhant , Viresh Ratnakar , Melvin Johnson

Multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) learns to translate multiple language pairs with a single model, potentially improving both the accuracy and the memory-efficiency of deployed models. However, the heavy data imbalance between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Chunting Zhou , Daniel Levy , Xian Li , Marjan Ghazvininejad , Graham Neubig

Multi-lingual language models (LM), such as mBERT, XLM-R, mT5, mBART, have been remarkably successful in enabling natural language tasks in low-resource languages through cross-lingual transfer from high-resource ones. In this work, we try…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Benjamin Muller , Deepanshu Gupta , Siddharth Patwardhan , Jean-Philippe Fauconnier , David Vandyke , Sachin Agarwal

Multilingual machine translation, which translates multiple languages with a single model, has attracted much attention due to its efficiency of offline training and online serving. However, traditional multilingual translation usually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Xu Tan , Yi Ren , Di He , Tao Qin , Zhou Zhao , Tie-Yan Liu

Deep Contextual Language Models (LMs) like ELMO, BERT, and their successors dominate the landscape of Natural Language Processing due to their ability to scale across multiple tasks rapidly by pre-training a single model, followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Shaily Bhatt , Poonam Goyal , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury , Sunayana Sitaram

Machine translation (MT) was developed as one of the hottest research topics in the natural language processing (NLP) literature. One important issue in MT is that how to evaluate the MT system reasonably and tell us whether the translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Lifeng Han

Data scarcity and class imbalance are persistent challenges in training robust NLP models, especially in specialized domains or low-resource settings. We propose a novel technique, SMOTExT, that adapts the idea of Synthetic Minority…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mateusz Bystroński , Mikołaj Hołysz , Grzegorz Piotrowski , Nitesh V. Chawla , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Contextualized representations trained over large raw text data have given remarkable improvements for NLP tasks including question answering and reading comprehension. There have been works showing that syntactic, semantic and word sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Xuhui Zhou , Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Dandan Huang

Recent work has shown evidence that the knowledge acquired by multilingual BERT (mBERT) has two components: a language-specific and a language-neutral one. This paper analyses the relationship between them, in the context of fine-tuning on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Marc Tanti , Lonneke van der Plas , Claudia Borg , Albert Gatt

Modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) models based on Transformer structures represent the state of the art in terms of performance on very diverse tasks. However, these models are complex and represent several hundred million parameters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Cyrile Delestre , Abibatou Amar

Transformer-based language models trained on large text corpora have enjoyed immense popularity in the natural language processing community and are commonly used as a starting point for downstream tasks. While these models are undeniably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Vinitra Swamy , Angelika Romanou , Martin Jaggi

Large-scale transformer-based models like the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) are widely used for Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, wherein these models are initially pre-trained with a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Mohammad Wali Ur Rahman , Murad Mehrab Abrar , Hunter Gibbons Copening , Salim Hariri , Sicong Shao , Pratik Satam , Soheil Salehi

Deep and large pre-trained language models are the state-of-the-art for various natural language processing tasks. However, the huge size of these models could be a deterrent to use them in practice. Some recent and concurrent works use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Subhabrata Mukherjee , Ahmed Awadallah

We propose a method to transfer knowledge across neural machine translation (NMT) models by means of a shared dynamic vocabulary. Our approach allows to extend an initial model for a given language pair to cover new languages by adapting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Surafel M. Lakew , Aliia Erofeeva , Matteo Negri , Marcello Federico , Marco Turchi

Transfer learning with large pretrained transformer-based language models like BERT has become a dominating approach for most NLP tasks. Simply fine-tuning those large language models on downstream tasks or combining it with task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Wenjuan Han , Bo Pang , Yingnian Wu

Low-resource languages (LRLs) lack sufficient linguistic resources and are underrepresented in benchmark datasets, resulting in persistently lower translation quality than high-resource languages, especially in privacy-sensitive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yewei Song , Lujun Li , Cedric Lothritz , Saad Ezzini , Lama Sleem , Niccolo Gentile , Radu State , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Jacques Klein

We propose a simple method to align multilingual contextual embeddings as a post-pretraining step for improved zero-shot cross-lingual transferability of the pretrained models. Using parallel data, our method aligns embeddings on the word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Lin Pan , Chung-Wei Hang , Haode Qi , Abhishek Shah , Saloni Potdar , Mo Yu

Machine translation in low-resource language pairs faces significant challenges due to the scarcity of parallel corpora and linguistic resources. This study focuses on the case of English-Marathi language pairs, where existing datasets are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Nidhi Kowtal , Tejas Deshpande , Raviraj Joshi