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This lecture briefly reviews the major recent advances in radio astronomy made possible by ultra-deep surveys, reaching microJansky flux density levels. A giant step forward in many fields, including the study of the evolution of the cosmic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-03-20 Gianfranco De Zotti , Matteo Bonato , Zhen-Yi Cai

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is the next generation radio telescope. Aperture Arrays (AA) are considered for SKA-2 for frequencies up to 1.4 GHz (SKA-1 uses AAs up to 350 MHz). This document presents design considerations of this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-12 A. W. Gunst , A. J. Faulkner , S. Wijnholds , R. Jongerius , S. Torchinsky , W. van Cappellen

The lunar Askaryan technique is a method to study the highest-energy cosmic rays, and their predicted counterparts, the ultra-high-energy neutrinos. By observing the Moon with a radio telescope, and searching for the characteristic…

We describe the design and performance of the Engineering Development Array (EDA), which is a low frequency radio telescope comprising 256 dual-polarisation dipole antennas working as a phased-array. The EDA was conceived of, developed, and…

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will form the largest radio telescope ever built and such a huge instrument in the desert poses enormous engineering and logistic challenges. Algorithmic and architectural breakthroughs are needed. Data is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-17 Orhan Ocal , Paul Hurley , Giovanni Cherubini , Sanaz Kazemi

The Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) will explore the radio sky to new depths in order to conduct transformational science. SKAO data products made available to astronomers will be correspondingly large and complex, requiring the…

In the past several decades, the standard cosmological model has been established and its parameters have been measured to a high precision, while there are still many of the fundamental questions in cosmology; such as the physics in the…

The SKA will build upon early detections of the EoR by precursor instruments, such as MWA, PAPER, and LOFAR, and planned instruments, such as HERA, to make the first high signal-to-noise measurements of fluctuations in the 21 cm brightness…

We present a framework for forecasting cosmological constraints from future neutral hydrogen intensity mapping experiments at low to intermediate redshifts. In the process, we establish a simple way of comparing such surveys with optical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-08 Philip Bull , Pedro G. Ferreira , Prina Patel , Mario G. Santos

In order to meet its cutting-edge scientific objectives, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) telescope requires high-precision frequency references to be distributed to each of its antennas. The frequency references are distributed via…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-20 David Gozzard , Sascha Schediwy , Richard Dodson , Maria Rioja , Mike Hill , Brett Lennon , Jock McFee , Peter Mirtschin , Jamie Stevens , Keith Grainge

The atomic hydrogen (HI) 21cm line measures the gas content within and around galaxies, traces the dark matter potential and probes volumes and objects that other surveys do not. Over the next decade, 21cm line science will exploit new…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Martha P. Haynes

Cosmic-ray air shower detection with the low-frequency part of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope is envisioned to yield very high precision measurements of the particle composition of cosmic rays between $10^{16}$ and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-24 A. Corstanje , S. Buitink , S. Bouma , M. Desmet , J. R. Hörandel , T. Huege , P. Laub , K. Mulrey , A. Nelles , O. Scholten , K. Terveer , S. Thoudam , K. Watanabe

Magnetic fields are a fundamental part of many astrophysical phenomena, but the evolution, structure and origin of magnetic fields are still unresolved problems in physics and astrophysics. When and how were the first fields generated? Are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Bryan M. Gaensler

High angular resolution observations of discs at mm wavelengths (on scales of a few au) are now commonplace, but there is a current lack of a comparable angular resolution for observations at cm wavelengths. This presents a significant…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-07 John D. Ilee , Cassandra Hall , Catherine Walsh , Izaskun Jiménez-Serra , Christophe Pinte , Jason Terry , Tyler Bourke , Melvin Hoare

With the low Earth orbit environment becoming increasingly populated with artificial satellites, rockets, and debris, it is important to understand the effects they have on radio astronomy. In this work, we undertake a multi-frequency,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-29 Dylan Grigg , Steven Tingay , Steve Prabu , Marcin Sokolowski , Balthasar Indermuehle

21 cm Epoch of Reionization observations promise to transform our understanding of galaxy formation, but these observations are impossible without unprecedented levels of instrument calibration. We present end-to-end simulations of a full…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-09 N. Barry , B. Hazelton , I. Sullivan , M. F. Morales , J. C. Pober

Realizing the potential of 21 cm tomography to statistically probe the intergalactic medium before and during the Epoch of Reionization requires large telescopes and precise control of systematics. Next-generation telescopes are now being…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-17 Joshua S. Dillon , Aaron R. Parsons

As the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) approaches operational status, its complex digital architecture introduces new instrumental challenges. To explore relevant observational and data processing strategies, we have upgraded the 21CMA…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-07 Jun-Hua Gu , Quan Guo , Liang Dong , Yu-Kai Zhou , Kuan-Jun Li , Yan Huang , Jing-Ying Wang , Wei-Wei Zhu , You-Ling Yue , Rui Cao , Guo-Liang Peng , Xiao-Hui Tao , Li-Hui Jiang , Ya-Jun Wu

The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) would be the world's largest radio telescope with eventually over a square kilometer of collecting area. However, there are enormous challenges in its data processing. The using of modern distributed…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-02 Shoulin Wei , Kaida Luo , Feng Wang , Hui Deng , Ying Mei

With the high sensitivity and wide-field coverage of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), large samples of explosive transients are expected to be discovered. Radio wavelengths, especially in commensal survey mode, are particularly well suited…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-11-23 Poonam Chandra , G. C. Anupama , K. G. Arun , Shabnam Iyyani , Kuntal Misra , D. Narasimha , Alak Ray , L. Resmi , Subhashis Roy , Firoza Sutaria