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Related papers: Non-Randomness of Google's Quantum Supremacy Bench…

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Quantum Supremacy is a demonstration of a computation by a quantum computer that can not be performed by the best classical computer in a reasonable time. A well-studied approach to demonstrating this on near-term quantum computers is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Julien Codsi , John van de Wetering

The concept of randomness in quantum computing has been central to construct benchmarking tools, cryptographic protocols, as well as a proof of beyond classical computation. Discerning whether quantum states (or unitaries) are randomly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Xavier Bonet-Monroig , Hao Wang , Adrián Pérez-Salinas

In the relentless pursuit of quantum computational advantage, we present a significant advancement with the development of Zuchongzhi 3.0. This superconducting quantum computer prototype, comprising 105 qubits, achieves high operational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-17 Dongxin Gao , Daojin Fan , Chen Zha , Jiahao Bei , Guoqing Cai , Jianbin Cai , Sirui Cao , Xiangdong Zeng , Fusheng Chen , Jiang Chen , Kefu Chen , Xiawei Chen , Xiqing Chen , Zhe Chen , Zhiyuan Chen , Zihua Chen , Wenhao Chu , Hui Deng , Zhibin Deng , Pei Ding , Xun Ding , Zhuzhengqi Ding , Shuai Dong , Yupeng Dong , Bo Fan , Yuanhao Fu , Song Gao , Lei Ge , Ming Gong , Jiacheng Gui , Cheng Guo , Shaojun Guo , Xiaoyang Guo , Tan He , Linyin Hong , Yisen Hu , He-Liang Huang , Yong-Heng Huo , Tao Jiang , Zuokai Jiang , Honghong Jin , Yunxiang Leng , Dayu Li , Dongdong Li , Fangyu Li , Jiaqi Li , Jinjin Li , Junyan Li , Junyun Li , Na Li , Shaowei Li , Wei Li , Yuhuai Li , Yuan Li , Futian Liang , Xuelian Liang , Nanxing Liao , Jin Lin , Weiping Lin , Dailin Liu , Hongxiu Liu , Maliang Liu , Xinyu Liu , Xuemeng Liu , Yancheng Liu , Haoxin Lou , Yuwei Ma , Lingxin Meng , Hao Mou , Kailiang Nan , Binghan Nie , Meijuan Nie , Jie Ning , Le Niu , Wenyi Peng , Haoran Qian , Hao Rong , Tao Rong , Huiyan Shen , Qiong Shen , Hong Su , Feifan Su , Chenyin Sun , Liangchao Sun , Tianzuo Sun , Yingxiu Sun , Yimeng Tan , Jun Tan , Longyue Tang , Wenbing Tu , Cai Wan , Jiafei Wang , Biao Wang , Chang Wang , Chen Wang , Chu Wang , Jian Wang , Liangyuan Wang , Rui Wang , Shengtao Wang , Xinzhe Wang , Zuolin Wei , Jiazhou Wei , Dachao Wu , Gang Wu , Jin Wu , Shengjie Wu , Yulin Wu , Shiyong Xie , Lianjie Xin , Yu Xu , Chun Xue , Kai Yan , Weifeng Yang , Xinpeng Yang , Yang Yang , Yangsen Ye , Zhenping Ye , Chong Ying , Jiale Yu , Qinjing Yu , Wenhu Yu , Shaoyu Zhan , Feifei Zhang , Haibin Zhang , Kaili Zhang , Pan Zhang , Wen Zhang , Yiming Zhang , Yongzhuo Zhang , Lixiang Zhang , Guming Zhao , Peng Zhao , Xianhe Zhao , Xintao Zhao , Youwei Zhao , Zhong Zhao , Luyuan Zheng , Fei Zhou , Liang Zhou , Na Zhou , Naibin Zhou , Shifeng Zhou , Shuang Zhou , Zhengxiao Zhou , Chengjun Zhu , Qingling Zhu , Guihong Zou , Haonan Zou , Qiang Zhang , Chao-Yang Lu , Cheng-Zhi Peng , XiaoBo Zhu , Jian-Wei Pan

We investigate randomized benchmarking in a general setting with quantum gates that form a representation, not necessarily an irreducible one, of a finite group. We derive an estimate for the average fidelity, to which experimental data may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Daniel Stilck França , Anna-Lena Hashagen

In a recent milestone experiment, Google's processor Sycamore heralded the era of "quantum supremacy" by sampling from the output of (pseudo-)random circuits. We show that such random circuits provide tailor-made building blocks for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-09 Jonas Richter , Arijeet Pal

Recently, Google announced the first demonstration of quantum computational supremacy with a programmable superconducting processor. Their demonstration is based on collecting samples from the output distribution of a noisy random quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-07 Scott Aaronson , Sam Gunn

Random quantum circuit sampling serves as a benchmark to demonstrate quantum computational advantage. Recent progress in classical algorithms, especially those based on tensor network methods, has significantly reduced the classical…

We explore the interplay between symmetry and randomness in quantum information. Adopting a geometric approach, we consider states as $H$-equivalent if related by a symmetry transformation characterized by the group $H$. We then introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Rahul Arvind , Kishor Bharti , Jun Yong Khoo , Dax Enshan Koh , Jian Feng Kong

Classical simulations of quantum circuits are limited in both space and time when the qubit count is above 50, the realm where quantum supremacy reigns. However, recently, for the low depth circuit with more than 50 qubits, there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-15 Zhao-Yun Chen , Qi Zhou , Cheng Xue , Xia Yang , Guang-Can Guo , Guo-Ping Guo

Properties of random mixed states of order $N$ distributed uniformly with respect to the Hilbert-Schmidt measure are investigated. We show that for large $N$, due to the concentration of measure, the trace distance between two random states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-15 Zbigniew Puchała , Łukasz Pawela , Karol Życzkowski

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) promise perfectly unpredictable random numbers. However, the security certification of the random numbers in form of a stochastic model often introduces assumptions that are either hardly justified…

The quantum version of Google PageRank has recently been investigated by various groups and shown to be quadratically faster in time than the classical PageRank algorithm. In this paper we propose the implementation of Quantum PageRank by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-09 Kallol Roy , Ji Liu , Le Luo , R. Srikanth , Tapan Mishra , Bhanu Das , T. Srinivas

This paper is a comment on the paper "Quantum Mechanics and Algorithmic Randomness" was written by Ulvi Yurtsever \cite{Yurtsever} and the briefly explanation of the algorithmic randomness of quantum measurements results. There are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-07 Mohammad Shahbazi

Quantum computers solve intractable problems which classically require an exponentially long time to compute. With the development of large-scale experiments that claim quantum advantage, a vital issue has now emerged. What are the errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Ned Goodman , Alexander S. Dellios , Margaret D. Reid , Peter D. Drummond

A leading proposal for verifying near-term quantum supremacy experiments on noisy random quantum circuits is linear cross-entropy benchmarking. For a quantum circuit $C$ on $n$ qubits and a sample $z \in \{0,1\}^n$, the benchmark involves…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-10-13 William Kretschmer

We consider a class of random quantum circuits where at each step a gate from a universal set is applied to a random pair of qubits, and determine how quickly averages of arbitrary finite-degree polynomials in the matrix elements of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Winton G. Brown , Lorenza Viola

Quantum supremacy is the ability of quantum processors to outperform classical computers at certain tasks. In digital random quantum circuit approaches for supremacy, the output distribution produced is described by the Porter-Thomas (PT)…

Simulating quantum systems using classical computing equipment has been a significant research focus. This work demonstrates that circuits as large and complex as the random circuit sampling (RCS) circuits published as a part of Google's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Venkateswaran Kasirajan , Torey Battelle , Bob Wold

Quantum computers can exploit a Hilbert space whose dimension increases exponentially with the number of qubits. In experiment, quantum supremacy has recently been achieved by the Google team by using a noisy intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Suguru Endo , Zhenyu Cai , Simon C. Benjamin , Xiao Yuan

Noise is the defining feature of the NISQ era, but it remains unclear if noisy quantum devices are capable of quantum speedups. Quantum supremacy experiments have been a major step forward, but gaps remain between the theory behind these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 Adam Bouland , Bill Fefferman , Zeph Landau , Yunchao Liu