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I prove several theorems concerning upward closure and amalgamation in the generic multiverse of a countable transitive model of set theory. Every such model $W$ has forcing extensions $W[c]$ and $W[d]$ by adding a Cohen real, which cannot…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-11-04 Joel David Hamkins

First-order linear temporal logic (FOLTL) is a flexible and expressive formalism capable of naturally describing complex behaviors and properties. Although the logic is in general highly undecidable, the idea of using it as a specification…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante

We show that each level of the quantifier alternation hierarchy within FO^2[<] -- the 2-variable fragment of the first order logic of order on words -- is a variety of languages. We then use the notion of condensed rankers, a refinement of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Manfred Kufleitner , Pascal Weil

Recently, symbolic structures were proposed as finite representations of potentially infinite first-order structures, where Linear Integer Arithmetic terms and formulas define the domain and interpretations of a structure. We generalize…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Neta Elad , Sharon Shoham

Verification of properties of first order logic with two variables FO2 has been investigated in a number of contexts. Over arbitrary structures it is known to be decidable with NEXPTIME complexity, with finitely satisfiable formulas having…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-06-03 Saguy Benaim , Michael Benedikt , Rastislav Lenhardt , James Worrell

The Functional Machine Calculus (FMC) was recently introduced as a generalization of the lambda-calculus to include higher-order global state, probabilistic and non-deterministic choice, and input and output, while retaining confluence. The…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Chris Barrett

The theory of regular cost functions is a quantitative extension to the classical notion of regularity. A cost function associates to each input a non-negative integer value (or infinity), as opposed to languages which only associate to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Thomas Colcombet

We consider a new kind of interpretation over relational structures: finite sets interpretations. Those interpretations are defined by weak monadic second-order (WMSO) formulas with free set variables. They transform a given structure into…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Thomas Colcombet , Christof Löding

We introduce and investigate a weighted propositional configuration logic over commutative semirings. Our logic is intended to serve as a specification language for software architectures with quantitative features. We prove an efficient…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Paulina Paraponiari , George Rahonis

We define a new inner model C2(omega) based on the fragment of second order logic in which second order variables range over countable subsets of the domain. We compare C2(omega) to the previously studied inner model C(aa). We argue that…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Menachem Magidor , Jouko Väänänen

Following the paper~[3] by V\"{a}\"{a}n\"{a}nen and the author, we continue to investigate on the difference between Boolean-valued second-order logic and full second-order logic. We show that the compactness number of Boolean-valued…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-04-18 Daisuke Ikegami

In this paper, we show that there is a large class of fermionic systems for which it is possible to find, for any dimension, a finite closed set of eigenoperators and eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian. Then, the hierarchy of the equations of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2007-07-27 Ferdinando Mancini

The one-variable fragment of any first-order logic may be considered as a modal logic, where the universal and existential quantifiers are replaced by a box and diamond modality, respectively. In several cases, axiomatizations of algebraic…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Petr Cintula , George Metcalfe , Naomi Tokuda

We introduce a restricted second-order logic $\mathrm{SO}^{\mathit{plog}}$ for finite structures where second-order quantification ranges over relations of size at most poly-logarithmic in the size of the structure. We demonstrate the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Flavio Ferrarotti , Senen Gonzáles , Klaus-Dieter Schewe , José María Turull-Torres

We set up a parametrised monadic translation for a class of call-by-value functional languages, and prove a corresponding soundness theorem. We then present a series of concrete instantiations of our translation, demonstrating that a number…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Thomas Powell

Quantitative extensions of logic programming often require the solution of so called second level inference tasks, i.e., problems that involve a third operation, such as maximization or normalization, on top of addition and multiplication,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Rafael Kiesel , Pietro Totis , Angelika Kimmig

The capture calculus is an extension of System F<: that tracks free variables of terms in their type, allowing one to represent capabilities while limiting their scope. While previous calculi had mechanized soundness proofs -- notably…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Joseph Fourment , Yichen Xu

We introduce INDUCTION, a benchmark for finite structure concept synthesis in first order logic. Given small finite relational worlds with extensionally labeled target predicates, models must output a single first order logical formula that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Serafim Batzoglou

This paper presents the Functional Machine Calculus (FMC) as a simple model of higher-order computation with "reader/writer" effects: higher-order mutable store, input/output, and probabilistic and non-deterministic computation. The FMC…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Willem Heijltjes

In this paper, I discuss two logics for weighted finite structures: first-order logic with summation (FO(SUM)) and its recursive extension IFP(SUM). These logics originate from foundational work by Gr\"adel, Gurevich, and Meer in the 1990s.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Martin Grohe