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Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) is a widely used approach for automatic speech recognition (ASR) that performs conditionally independent monotonic alignment. However for translation, CTC exhibits clear limitations due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Brian Yan , Siddharth Dalmia , Yosuke Higuchi , Graham Neubig , Florian Metze , Alan W Black , Shinji Watanabe

Segmental conditional random fields (SCRFs) and connectionist temporal classification (CTC) are two sequence labeling methods used for end-to-end training of speech recognition models. Both models define a transcription probability by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-07 Liang Lu , Lingpeng Kong , Chris Dyer , Noah A. Smith

Connectionist temporal classification (CTC)-based scene text recognition (STR) methods, e.g., SVTR, are widely employed in OCR applications, mainly due to their simple architecture, which only contains a visual model and a CTC-aligned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yongkun Du , Zhineng Chen , Hongtao Xie , Caiyan Jia , Yu-Gang Jiang

Recently, end-to-end automatic speech recognition models based on connectionist temporal classification (CTC) have achieved impressive results, especially when fine-tuned from wav2vec2.0 models. Due to the conditional independence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Keqi Deng , Songjun Cao , Yike Zhang , Long Ma , Gaofeng Cheng , Ji Xu , Pengyuan Zhang

Transcription or sub-titling of open-domain videos is still a challenging domain for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) due to the data's challenging acoustics, variable signal processing and the essentially unrestricted domain of the data.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-04-27 Shruti Palaskar , Ramon Sanabria , Florian Metze

Deep learning approaches have been widely used in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and they have achieved a significant accuracy improvement. Especially, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been revisited in ASR recently. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Yisen Wang , Xuejiao Deng , Songbai Pu , Zhiheng Huang

The Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) has achieved great success in sequence to sequence analysis tasks such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) and scene text recognition (STR). These applications can use the CTC objective…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-09 Siyuan Lu , Jinming Lu , Jun Lin , Zhongfeng Wang

We propose an end-to-end recurrent encoder-decoder based sequence learning approach for printed text Optical Character Recognition (OCR). In contrast to present day existing state-of-art OCR solution which uses connectionist temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Devendra Kumar Sahu , Mohak Sukhwani

This paper presents a novel algorithm for building an automatic speech recognition (ASR) model with imperfect training data. Imperfectly transcribed speech is a prevalent issue in human-annotated speech corpora, which degrades the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Dongji Gao , Matthew Wiesner , Hainan Xu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Daniel Povey , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Unconstrained handwritten text recognition is a major step in most document analysis tasks. This is generally processed by deep recurrent neural networks and more specifically with the use of Long Short-Term Memory cells. The main drawbacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Denis Coquenet , Clément Chatelain , Thierry Paquet

Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) based end-to-end speech recognition system usually need to incorporate an external language model by using WFST-based decoding in order to achieve promising results. This is more essential to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-24 Shiliang Zhang , Ming Lei , Zhijie Yan

Accurate sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) alignment is critical for applications like medical speech analysis and language learning tools relying on automatic speech recognition (ASR). State-of-the-art end-to-end (E2E) ASR systems, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yacouba Kaloga , Shashi Kumar , Petr Motlicek , Ina Kodrasi

We present a state-of-the-art end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model. We learn to listen and write characters with a joint Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) and attention-based encoder-decoder network. The encoder is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Takaaki Hori , Shinji Watanabe , Yu Zhang , William Chan

End-to-end (E2E) systems have shown comparable performance to hybrid systems for automatic speech recognition (ASR). Word timings, as a by-product of ASR, are essential in many applications, especially for subtitling and computer-aided…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-14 Xianzhao Chen , Yist Y. Lin , Kang Wang , Yi He , Zejun Ma

In this paper, we study the problem of text line recognition. Unlike most approaches targeting specific domains such as scene-text or handwritten documents, we investigate the general problem of developing a universal architecture that can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Daniel Hernandez Diaz , Siyang Qin , Reeve Ingle , Yasuhisa Fujii , Alessandro Bissacco

Attention-based methods and Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) network have been promising research directions for end-to-end (E2E) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). The joint CTC/Attention model has achieved great success by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-22 Ruizhi Li , Xiaofei Wang , Sri Harish Mallidi , Shinji Watanabe , Takaaki Hori , Hynek Hermansky

State-of-the-art approaches to spelling error correction problem include Transformer-based Seq2Seq models, which require large training sets and suffer from slow inference time; and sequence labeling models based on Transformer encoders…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Mengyi Gao , Canran Xu , Peng Shi

In this work, we perform an empirical comparison among the CTC, RNN-Transducer, and attention-based Seq2Seq models for end-to-end speech recognition. We show that, without any language model, Seq2Seq and RNN-Transducer models both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Eric Battenberg , Jitong Chen , Rewon Child , Adam Coates , Yashesh Gaur , Yi Li , Hairong Liu , Sanjeev Satheesh , David Seetapun , Anuroop Sriram , Zhenyao Zhu

Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) is a widely used method for automatic speech recognition (ASR), renowned for its simplicity and computational efficiency. However, it often falls short in recognition performance. In this work, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-17 Zengwei Yao , Wei Kang , Xiaoyu Yang , Fangjun Kuang , Liyong Guo , Han Zhu , Zengrui Jin , Zhaoqing Li , Long Lin , Daniel Povey

We introduce a novel sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) voice conversion (VC) model based on the Transformer architecture with text-to-speech (TTS) pretraining. Seq2seq VC models are attractive owing to their ability to convert prosody. While…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-17 Wen-Chin Huang , Tomoki Hayashi , Yi-Chiao Wu , Hirokazu Kameoka , Tomoki Toda