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Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) present a significant challenge to the stability and reliability of power systems, especially in grids with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. Traditional grid-following (GFL) inverters have…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Tamojit Chakraborty , Anamitra Pal , Sam Maleki

Impedance models are widely used in assessing small signal stability of grid-tied voltage source converter (VSC) systems. Recent research has proven that impedance models of grid-tied VSC in both dq and sequence domains are generally…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Chen Zhang , Xu Cai , Atle Rygg , Marta Molinas

Increased penetration of inverter-connected renewable energy sources (RES) in the power system has resulted in a decrease in available rotational inertia which serves as an immediate response to frequency deviation due to disturbances. The…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang

Most previously proposed controllers are analyzed in the small-signal/quasi-steady regime rather than large-signal or transient stability for grid-forming inverters (GFMI). Additionally, methods that presume system-wide data--global…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Qianxi Tang , Li Peng

The increasing penetration of converter-interfaced generators (CIGs) intensifies concerns over small-signal voltage and synchronization stability. While existing theories treat these two stability issues distinctly, practical wisdom in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Fuyilong Ma , Lidong Zhang , Wangqianyun Tang , Waisheng Zheng , Huanhai Xin , Linbin Huang , Lennart Harnefors

Grid-forming technology has a crucial role in achieving the future all renewable power grid. Among different types of grid-forming controllers, Virtual Oscillator (VO) based Controllers (VOCs) are the most advanced. VOCs outperform the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-26 Ritwik Ghosh

Design and implementation of an optimal and robust single-loop voltage controller is proposed for single-phase grid forming voltage source inverter (VSI). The objective of the proposed controller is to have good reference tracking and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Soham Chakraborty , Sourav Patel , Murti V. Salapaka

With the increased penetration of renewable energy and reduced proportion of synchronous generators, the low-inertia characteristics of todays power system become prominent, and the transient stability issue of grid following converter…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-20 Fangyuan Sun , Ruisheng Diao , Ruiyuan Zeng , Zhanning Liu , Baorong Zhou , Junjie Li , Wangqianyun Tang

In autonomous microgrids frequency regulation (FR) is a critical issue, especially with a high level of penetration of the photovoltaic (PV) generation. In this study, a novel virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control for PV generation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-13 Cheng Zhong , Huayi Li , Yang Zhou , Yueming Lv , Jikai Chen , Yang Li

This paper presents a novel approach to stability analysis for grid-connected converters utilizing Scaled Relative Graphs (SRG). Our method effectively decouples grid and converter dynamics, thereby establishing a comprehensive and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Eder Baron-Prada , Adolfo Anta , Florian Dörfler

Diverse synchronization dynamics within the grid-following (GFL)/grid-forming (GFM) converters-interlinked system are prone to induce oscillatory instabilities. To quantify their stability influences, frequency-domain modal analysis (FMA)…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-10-02 Haoxiang Zong , Chen Zhang , Marta Molinas

Due to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the installed capacity of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power grids is rapidly increasing, and grid-following control (GFL) is the most prevalent at present. Meanwhile, grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Yinhong Lin , Bin Wang , Qinglai Guo , Haotian Zhao , Hongbin Sun

This paper presents the development of "Control-Sync," a novel firmware for universal inverters in microgrids, designed to enhance grid stability and flexibility. As hybrid PV-battery systems become increasingly prevalent, there is a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Fariba Fateh

Voltage support capability is critical for grid-forming (GFM) inverters with current-limiting control (CLC) during grid faults. Despite the findings on the voltage support for symmetrical grid faults, its applicability to more common but…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-08 Han Zhang , Rui Liu , Yunwei , Li

Linear Time Periodic (LTP) framework-based analysis of Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) is becoming popular, a driven factor is that many of the existing VSC applications inevitably exhibit the periodic steady-state (PSS), e.g., VSCs with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-06 Chen Zhang , Jon Are Suul , Marta Molinas

Algorithms that adjust the reactive power injection of converter-connected RES to minimize losses may compromise the converters' fault-ride-through capability. This can become crucial for the reliable operation of the distribution grids, as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-07 Ilgiz Murzakhanov , Gururaj Mirle Vishwanath , Vemalaiah Kasi , Garima Prashal , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis , Narayana Prasad Padhy

Grid-forming inverter-based autonomous microgrids present new operational challenges as the stabilizing rotational inertia of synchronous machines is absent. The design of efficient control policies for grid-forming inverters is, however, a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Yemi Ojo , Jeremy D. Watson , Khaled Laib , Ioannis Lestas

We propose a decentralized framework to analytically guarantee the small-signal stability of future power systems with grid-forming converters. Our approach leverages dynamic loop-shifting techniques to compensate for the lack of passivity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Verena Häberle , Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Florian Dörfler , Steven Low

Microgrids are increasingly recognized as a key technology for the integration of distributed energy resources into the power network, allowing local clusters of load and distributed energy resources to operate autonomously. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-22 Jeremy Watson , Yemi Ojo , Khaled Laib , Ioannis Lestas

In contrast to grid-following inverters, Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) perform well under weak grid conditions but may become unstable when the grid is strong. Grid strength depends on grid impedance, which unfortunately varies over…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Quang-Manh Hoang , Van Nam Nguyen , Taehyung Kim , Guilherme Vieira Hollweg , Wencong Su , Van-Hai Bui
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