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While successful for various computer vision tasks, deep neural networks have shown to be vulnerable to texture style shifts and small perturbations to which humans are robust. In this work, we show that the robustness of neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Zhenlin Xu , Deyi Liu , Junlin Yang , Colin Raffel , Marc Niethammer

Works on implicit regularization have studied gradient trajectories during the optimization process to explain why deep networks favor certain kinds of solutions over others. In deep linear networks, it has been shown that gradient descent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Dan Zhao

Over-parameterized deep networks trained using gradient-based optimizers are a popular choice for solving classification and ranking problems. Without appropriately tuned $\ell_2$ regularization or weight decay, such networks have the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Aman Gupta , Rohan Ramanath , Jun Shi , Anika Ramachandran , Sirou Zhou , Mingzhou Zhou , S. Sathiya Keerthi

Understanding the implicit regularization (or implicit bias) of gradient descent has recently been a very active research area. However, the implicit regularization in nonlinear neural networks is still poorly understood, especially for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Gal Vardi , Ohad Shamir

Training a classifier under non-convex constraints has gotten increasing attention in the machine learning community thanks to its wide range of applications such as algorithmic fairness and class-imbalanced classification. However, several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-31 You-Lin Chen , Zhaoran Wang , Mladen Kolar

Empirical evidence suggests that neural networks with ReLU activations generalize better with over-parameterization. However, there is currently no theoretical analysis that explains this observation. In this work, we provide theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Alon Brutzkus , Amir Globerson

In this paper, we study total variation (TV)-regularized training of infinite-width shallow ReLU neural networks, formulated as a convex optimization problem over measures on the unit sphere. Our approach leverages the duality theory of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Leonardo Del Grande , Christoph Brune , Marcello Carioni

We study the overparametrization bounds required for the global convergence of stochastic gradient descent algorithm for a class of one hidden layer feed-forward neural networks, considering most of the activation functions used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Bartłomiej Polaczyk , Jacek Cyranka

Weight decay is a broadly used technique for training state-of-the-art deep networks from image classification to large language models. Despite its widespread usage and being extensively studied in the classical literature, its role…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Francesco D'Angelo , Maksym Andriushchenko , Aditya Varre , Nicolas Flammarion

The successful training of deep neural networks requires addressing challenges such as overfitting, numerical instabilities leading to divergence, and increasing variance in the residual stream. A common solution is to apply regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jörg K. H. Franke , Urs Spiegelhalter , Marianna Nezhurina , Jenia Jitsev , Frank Hutter , Michael Hefenbrock

We start out by demonstrating that an elementary learning task, corresponding to the training of a single linear neuron in a convolutional neural network, can be solved for feature spaces of very high dimensionality. In a second step,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Marco Loog , François Lauze

When optimizing a nonlinear objective, one can employ a neural network as a surrogate for the nonlinear function. However, the resulting optimization model can be time-consuming to solve globally with exact methods. As a result, local…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Jiatai Tong , Yilin Zhu , Thiago Serra , Samuel Burer

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become increasingly important due to their excellent empirical performance on a wide range of problems. However, regularization is generally achieved by indirect means, largely due to the complex set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Amal Rannen Triki , Maxim Berman , Matthew B. Blaschko

A crucial problem in neural networks is to select the most appropriate number of hidden neurons and obtain tight statistical risk bounds. In this work, we present a new perspective towards the bias-variance tradeoff in neural networks. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Gen Li , Yuantao Gu , Jie Ding

In this paper, we consider the joint task of simultaneously optimizing (i) the weights of a deep neural network, (ii) the number of neurons for each hidden layer, and (iii) the subset of active input features (i.e., feature selection).…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-14 Simone Scardapane , Danilo Comminiello , Amir Hussain , Aurelio Uncini

We investigate filter level sparsity that emerges in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which employ Batch Normalization and ReLU activation, and are trained with adaptive gradient descent techniques and L2 regularization or weight decay.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Dushyant Mehta , Kwang In Kim , Christian Theobalt

Overparametrized neural networks trained by gradient descent (GD) can provably overfit any training data. However, the generalization guarantee may not hold for noisy data. From a nonparametric perspective, this paper studies how well…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-28 Tianyang Hu , Wenjia Wang , Cong Lin , Guang Cheng

In this paper, we consider one dimensional (shallow) ReLU neural networks in which weights are chosen randomly and only the terminal layer is trained. First, we mathematically show that for such networks L2-regularized regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Jakob Heiss , Josef Teichmann , Hanna Wutte

In the era of Deep Neural Network based solutions for a variety of real-life tasks, having a compact and energy-efficient deployable model has become fairly important. Most of the existing deep architectures use Rectifier Linear Unit (ReLU)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Nancy Nayak , Sheetal Kalyani

Using weight decay to penalize the L2 norms of weights in neural networks has been a standard training practice to regularize the complexity of networks. In this paper, we show that a family of regularizers, including weight decay, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Ziquan Liu , Yufei Cui , Antoni B. Chan