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Phishing is a major cyber threat to organizations that can cause financial and reputational damage, threatening their existence. The technical measures against phishing should be complemented by awareness training for employees. However,…
The importance of security metrics can hardly be overstated. Despite the attention that has been paid by the academia, government and industry in the past decades, this important problem stubbornly remains open. In this survey, we present a…
The Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) framework provides a common standard for protecting sensitive unclassified information in defense contracting. While CMMC defines assessment objectives and control requirements, limited…
A thorough and systematic understanding of different elements of cyberattacks is essential for developing the necessary tools to prevent, detect, diagnose, and mitigate cyberattacks in manufacturing systems. In response, researchers have…
Context: To effectively defend against ever-evolving cybersecurity threats, software systems should be made as secure as possible. To achieve this, software developers should understand potential vulnerabilities and apply secure coding…
The increasing frequency and sophistication of cybersecurity incidents pose significant challenges to organisations, highlighting the critical need for robust incident response capabilities. This paper explores a possible utilisation of IR…
Secure coding is a critical yet often overlooked practice in software development. Despite extensive awareness efforts, real-world adoption remains inconsistent due to organizational, educational, and technical barriers. This paper provides…
Large language models (LLMs) are transforming everyday applications, yet deployment in cybersecurity lags due to a lack of high-quality, domain-specific models and training datasets. To address this gap, we present CyberPal 2.0, a family of…
Gaps between Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education and required workplace skills have been identified in industry, academia, and government. Educators acknowledge the need to reform STEM education to better…
Severe class imbalance is one of the main conditions that make machine learning in cybersecurity difficult. A variety of dataset preprocessing methods have been introduced over the years. These methods modify the training dataset by…
This study explores the state-of-the-art, application, and maturity of socio-technical security models for industries and sectors dependent on CI and investigates the gap between academic research and industry practices concerning the…
Machine learning (ML) started to become widely deployed in cyber security settings for shortening the detection cycle of cyber attacks. To date, most ML-based systems are either proprietary or make specific choices of feature…
Software containers are widely adopted for developing and deploying software applications. Despite their popularity, major security concerns arise during container development and deployment. Software Engineering (SE) research literature…
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of authentication schemes for smart mobile devices. We start by providing an overview of existing survey articles published in the recent years that deal with security for mobile devices.…
Identification of cyber threats is one of the essential tasks for security teams. Currently, cyber threats can be identified using knowledge organized into various formats, enumerations, and knowledge bases. This paper studies the current…
Small businesses are increasingly adopting IT, and consequently becoming more vulnerable to cyber-incidents. Whilst small businesses are aware of the cyber-security risks, many struggle with implementing mitigations. Some of these can be…
Cyberattacks pose a significant business risk to organizations. Although there is ample literature focusing on why people pose a major risk to organizational cybersecurity and how to deal with it, there is surprisingly little we know about…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly acknowledged as a vital component for the advancement and competitiveness of modern organizations, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs). However, the adoption of AI technologies in SMEs…
This paper attempts to strengthen the pursued research on social engineering (SE) threat identification, and control, by means of the author's illustrated classification, which includes attack types, determining the degree of possible harm…
The cybersecurity threat landscape is constantly actively making it imperative to develop sound frameworks to protect the IT structures. Based on this introduction, this paper aims to discuss the application of cybersecurity frameworks into…