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The origin of extragalactic high-energy neutrinos remains a major mystery in astrophysics, with blazars as leading candidate sources. The widely adopted one-zone leptohadronic jet model, however, faces severe challenges from stringent X-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-26 Wei-Jian Li , Rui Xue , Ze-Rui Wang , Dingrong Xiong

Context. The origin of blazar variability, seen from radio up to gamma rays, is still a heavily debated matter and broadband flares offer a unique testbed towards a better understanding of these extreme objects. Such an energetic outburst…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-05-11 V. Karamanavis , L. Fuhrmann , E. Angelakis , I. Nestoras , I. Myserlis , T. P. Krichbaum , J. A. Zensus , H. Ungerechts , A. Sievers , M. A. Gurwell

The broadband spectrum from the 2013 December 20 $\gamma$-ray flare from 3C~279 is analyzed with our previously-developed one-zone blazar jet model. We are able to reproduce two SEDs, a quiescent and flaring state, the latter of which had…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-06 Tiffany R. Lewis , Peter A. Becker , Justin D. Finke

Blazars are highly variable active galactic nuclei which emit radiation at all wavelengths from radio to gamma-rays. Polarized radiation from blazars is one key piece of evidence for synchrotron radiation at low energies and it also varies…

Blazars are thought to possess a relativistic jet that is pointing toward the direction of the Earth and the elect of relativistic beaming enhances its apparent brightness. They radiate in all wavebands from the radio to the gamma-ray bands…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-02-11 Ryosuke Itoh , Yasushi FUkazawa , Yasuyuki T. Tanaka , Makoto Uemura , Koji S. Kawabata , Hiroshi Akitaya , Kenji Kawaguchi , Yuka Kanda

A model is developed for the time dependent electromagnetic - radio to gamma-ray - emission of active galactic nuclei, specifically, the blazars, based on the acceleration and creation of leptons at a propagating discontinuity or {\it…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-03 M. M. Romanova , R. V. E. Lovelace

The blazar 3C 279 is well known for its rapid and large-amplitude variability. On 20 December 2013, the source exhibited an orphan {\gamma}-ray flare characterized by a flux-doubling timescale of a few hours, a very hard spectrum, a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-04 Sébastien Le Bihan , Anton Dmytriiev , Andreas Zech

There is a large variety in the models explaining blazar flares. Here, we study the flare profile induced by a moving and expanding blob with special emphasize on the gamma-gamma pair production. We first develop a simple semi-analytical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-01 Michael Zacharias

We studied the radio emission from four radio-loud and gamma-ray-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. The goal was to investigate whether a relativistic jet is operating at the source, and quantify its characteristics. We relied on the most…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-02-25 E. Angelakis , L. Fuhrmann , N. Marchili , L. Foschini , I. Myserlis , V. Karamanavis , S. Komossa , D. Blinov , T. P. Krichbaum , A. Sievers , H. Ungerechts , J. A. Zensus

We are leading a comprehensive multi-waveband monitoring program of 34 gamma-ray bright blazars designed to locate the emission regions of blazars from radio to gamma-ray frequencies. The "maps" are anchored by sequences of images in both…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 Alan Marscher , Svetlana G. Jorstad , Valeri M. Larionov , Margo F. Aller , Anne Lahteenmaki

Both leptonic and hadronic emission processes may contribute to blazar jet emission; which dominates in blazars's high energy emission component remains an open question. Some intermediate synchrotron peaked blazars transition from their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-01 Abel L. Peirson , Ioannis Liodakis , Roger W. Romani

Electromagnetic radiation from blazar jets often displays strong variability, extending from radio to $\gamma$-ray frequencies. In a few cases, this variability has been characterized using Fourier time lags, such as those detected in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-29 Tiffany R. Lewis , Peter A. Becker , Justin D. Finke

(abridged) Relativistic jets, formed in the vicinity of central supermassive black holes in AGN, show ample evidence connecting them to physical conditions in the accretion disc and broad-line region. The jets are responsible for a large…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-15 Andrei Lobanov

In this paper, we discuss the light-curve features of various flaring scenarios in a time-dependent leptonic model for low-frequency-peaked blazars. The quasar 3C273 is used as an illustrative example. Our code takes into account Fermi-II…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-04-21 Christopher Diltz , Markus Boettcher

Blazars, a highly variable Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) subclass, provide a unique opportunity to explore the physical processes within their relativistic jets and emission regions. In this study, we investigate the multiwavelength…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-24 Jonhatan U. Guerrero-González , Vahram Chavushyan , Víctor M. Patiño-Álvarez

Active galactic nuclei come in many varieties. A minority of them are radio-loud, and exhibit two opposite prominent plasma jets extending from the proximity of the supermassive black hole up to megaparsec distances. When one of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-14 Claudia M. Raiteri , Massimo Villata

Context. Blazar AO 0235+164, located at redshift z = 0.94, has undergone several sharp multi-spectral-range flaring episodes during the last decades. In particular, the episodes peaking in 2008 and 2015, that received extensive…

Blazar jets are renowned for their rapid violent variability and multiwavelength flares, however, the physical processes responsible for these flares are not well understood. In this paper we develop a time-dependent inhomogeneous fluid jet…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-12-06 William J. Potter

In this review, recent progress in theoretical models for the broadband (radio through gamma-ray) emission from blazars are summarized. The salient features of both leptonic and hadronic models are reviewed. I present sample modeling…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-05-03 Markus Boettcher

We consider particle acceleration to high energy via diffusive shock acceleration in a simple, self-consistent shock in jet model for blazars. Electrons are assumed to be accelerated at a shock front in relativistic jets and radiate…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. M. Rieger , J. G. Kirk , A. Mastichiadis