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The average treatment effect (ATE), the mean difference in potential outcomes under treatment and control, is a canonical causal effect. Overlap, which says that all subjects have non-zero probability of either treatment status, is…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Herbert P. Susmann , Alec McClean , Iván Díaz

The article addresses the application of unsupervised machine learning to represent variables on the 2D latent space by applying a variational autoencoder (beta-VAE). Representation of variables on low dimensional spaces allows for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Alex Glushkovsky

Clinical trials face mounting challenges: fragmented patient populations, slow enrollment, and unsustainable costs, particularly for late phase trials in oncology and rare diseases. While external control arms built from real-world data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Perrine Chassat , Van Tuan Nguyen , Lucas Ducrot , Emilie Lanoy , Agathe Guilloux

A new meta-algorithm for estimating the conditional average treatment effects is proposed in the paper. The main idea underlying the algorithm is to consider a new dataset consisting of feature vectors produced by means of concatenation of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-10 Lev V. Utkin , Mikhail V. Kots , Viacheslav S. Chukanov

Data-driven reduced-order models based on autoencoders generally lack interpretability compared to classical methods such as the proper orthogonal decomposition. More interpretability can be gained by disentangling the latent variables and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Henning Schwarz , Pyei Phyo Lin , Jens-Peter M. Zemke , Thomas Rung

Treatment effect heterogeneity plays an important role in many areas of causal inference and within recent years, estimation of the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) has received much attention in the statistical community. While…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-17 Simon Christoffer Ziersen , Torben Martinussen

Motivated by applications in precision medicine and treatment effect heterogeneity, recent research has focused on estimating conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) using machine learning (ML). CATE estimates may represent…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-30 Oliver J. Hines , Karla Diaz-Ordaz , Stijn Vansteelandt

Developing tools for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) and individualized treatment effects has been an area of active research in recent years. While these tools have proven to be useful in many contexts, a concern when…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-07 Mahsa Ashouri , Nicholas C. Henderson

In causality, estimating the effect of a treatment without confounding inference remains a major issue because requires to assess the outcome in both case with and without treatment. Not being able to observe simultaneously both of them,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Celine Beji , Florian Yger , Jamal Atif

Variational autoencoders (VAE) are directed generative models that learn factorial latent variables. As noted by Burda et al. (2015), these models exhibit the problem of factor over-pruning where a significant number of stochastic factors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Serena Yeung , Anitha Kannan , Yann Dauphin , Li Fei-Fei

High-dimensional clinical data have become invaluable resources for genetic studies, due to their accessibility in biobank-scale datasets and the development of high performance modeling techniques especially using deep learning. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Taedong Yun

The increasing availability of electrocardiogram (ECG) data has motivated the use of data-driven models for automating various clinical tasks based on ECG data. The development of subject-specific models are limited by the cost and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Prashnna K Gyawali , B. Milan Horacek , John L. Sapp , Linwei Wang

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) in time-varying settings is particularly challenging, as the probability of observing certain treatment sequences decreases exponentially with longer prediction horizons. Thus, the observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Konstantin Hess , Dennis Frauen , Mihaela van der Schaar , Stefan Feuerriegel

The recently proposed identifiable variational autoencoder (iVAE) framework provides a promising approach for learning latent independent components (ICs). iVAEs use auxiliary covariates to build an identifiable generation structure from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-17 Young-geun Kim , Ying Liu , Xuexin Wei

State-of-the-art Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) for learning disentangled latent representations give impressive results in discovering features like pitch, pause duration, and accent in speech data, leading to highly controllable…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Shakti Kumar , Jithin Pradeep , Hussain Zaidi

In settings requiring synthetic data generation based on a clinical cohort, e.g., due to data protection regulations, heterogeneity across individuals might be a nuisance that we need to control or faithfully preserve. The sources of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Kiana Farhadyar , Federico Bonofiglio , Maren Hackenberg , Daniela Zoeller , Harald Binder

Optimal computations under uncertainty require an adequate probabilistic representation about beliefs. Deep generative models, and specifically Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), have the potential to meet this demand by building latent…

The ability to record activities from hundreds of neurons simultaneously in the brain has placed an increasing demand for developing appropriate statistical techniques to analyze such data. Recently, deep generative models have been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-11 Ding Zhou , Xue-Xin Wei

Single-cell perturbation prediction aims to infer how cells respond to unseen interventions and to achieve out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization, providing a computational route to understanding how perturbations reshape cellular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wenkang Jiang , Yuhang Liu , Erdun Gao , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Lina Yao , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Variational autoencoder (VAE) neural networks can be trained to generate power system states that capture both marginal distribution and multivariate dependencies of historical data. The coordinates of the latent space codes of VAEs have…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-22 Chenguang Wang , Ensieh Sharifnia , Simon H. Tindemans , Peter Palensky