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This paper presents work on novel machine translation (MT) systems between spoken and signed languages, where signed languages are represented in SignWriting, a sign language writing system. Our work seeks to address the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Zifan Jiang , Amit Moryossef , Mathias Müller , Sarah Ebling

The performance of neural machine translation systems is commonly evaluated in terms of BLEU. However, due to its reliance on target language properties and generation, the BLEU metric does not allow an assessment of which translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Emanuele Bugliarello , Sabrina J. Mielke , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Ryan Cotterell , Naoaki Okazaki

We introduce negative space learning machine translation (NSL-MT), a training method for underresourced languages, that augments limited parallel data with synthetically generated violations of the target language's grammar and explicitly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Mamadou K. Keita , Christopher Homan , Huy Le

Evaluation plays a vital role in checking the quality of MT output. It is done either manually or automatically. Manual evaluation is very time consuming and subjective, hence use of automatic metrics is done most of the times. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-19 Aditi Kalyani , Hemant Kumud , Shashi Pal Singh , Ajai Kumar

Assessing performance in Natural Language Processing is becoming increasingly complex. One particular challenge is the potential for evaluation datasets to overlap with training data, either directly or indirectly, which can lead to skewed…

Despite the growing variety of languages supported by existing multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) models, most of the world's languages are still being left behind. We aim to extend large-scale MNMT models to incorporate a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Wen Lai , Viktor Hangya , Yingli Shen , Alexander Fraser

Modern statistical machine translation (SMT) systems usually use a linear combination of features to model the quality of each translation hypothesis. The linear combination assumes that all the features are in a linear relationship and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Shujian Huang , Huadong Chen , Xinyu Dai , Jiajun Chen

Simultaneous Machine Translation (SiMT) generates translations while reading the source sentence, necessitating a policy to determine the optimal timing for reading and generating words. Despite the remarkable performance achieved by Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Shoutao Guo , Shaolei Zhang , Zhengrui Ma , Min Zhang , Yang Feng

Code translation is one of the core capabilities of LLMs. However, evaluating the correctness of translations remains difficult, as commonly used metrics such as BLEU measure only syntactic similarity, disregarding program semantics. We…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Julius Näumann , Sven Keidel , Amir Molzam Sharifloo , Mira Mezini

Machine translation systems achieve near human-level performance on some languages, yet their effectiveness strongly relies on the availability of large amounts of parallel sentences, which hinders their applicability to the majority of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Guillaume Lample , Myle Ott , Alexis Conneau , Ludovic Denoyer , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

Machine Translation (MT) and automatic MT evaluation have improved dramatically in recent years, enabling numerous novel applications. Automatic evaluation techniques have evolved from producing scalar quality scores to precisely locating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Stefano Perrella , Eric Morales Agostinho , Hugo Zaragoza

Simultaneous translation involves translating a sentence before the speaker's utterance is completed in order to realize real-time understanding in multiple languages. This task is significantly more challenging than the general full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Aizhan Imankulova , Masahiro Kaneko , Tosho Hirasawa , Mamoru Komachi

Simultaneous Machine Translation (SiMT) generates target translations while reading the source sentence. It relies on a policy to determine the optimal timing for reading sentences and generating translations. Existing SiMT methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Shoutao Guo , Shaolei Zhang , Zhengrui Ma , Min Zhang , Yang Feng

We describe our recently developed neural machine translation (NMT) system and benchmark it against our own statistical machine translation (SMT) system as well as two other general purpose online engines (statistical and neural). We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-26 Pavel Levin , Nishikant Dhanuka , Maxim Khalilov

In simultaneous translation (SimulMT), the most widely used strategy is the wait-k policy thanks to its simplicity and effectiveness in balancing translation quality and latency. However, wait-k suffers from two major limitations: (a) it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Guangxu Xun , Mingbo Ma , Yuchen Bian , Xingyu Cai , Jiaji Huang , Renjie Zheng , Junkun Chen , Jiahong Yuan , Kenneth Church , Liang Huang

We present a simple and effective pretraining strategy -- bidirectional training (BiT) for neural machine translation. Specifically, we bidirectionally update the model parameters at the early stage and then tune the model normally. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Liang Ding , Di Wu , Dacheng Tao

Context-aware neural machine translation (NMT) is a promising direction to improve the translation quality by making use of the additional context, e.g., document-level translation, or having meta-information. Although there exist various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Jingjing Huo , Christian Herold , Yingbo Gao , Leonard Dahlmann , Shahram Khadivi , Hermann Ney

Simultaneous interpretation, translation of the spoken word in real-time, is both highly challenging and physically demanding. Methods to predict interpreter confidence and the adequacy of the interpreted message have a number of potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Craig Stewart , Nikolai Vogler , Junjie Hu , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Graham Neubig

Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (MNMT) enables one system to translate sentences from multiple source languages to multiple target languages, greatly reducing deployment costs compared with conventional bilingual systems. The MNMT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Akiko Eriguchi , Shufang Xie , Tao Qin , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Translate-test is a popular technique to improve the performance of multilingual language models. This approach works by translating the input into English using an external machine translation system, and running inference over the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Julen Etxaniz , Gorka Azkune , Aitor Soroa , Oier Lopez de Lacalle , Mikel Artetxe