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In this paper, we propose a streaming model to distinguish voice queries intended for a smart-home device from background speech. The proposed model consists of multiple CNN layers with residual connections, followed by a stacked LSTM…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-21 Xiaosu Tong , Che-Wei Huang , Sri Harish Mallidi , Shaun Joseph , Sonal Pareek , Chander Chandak , Ariya Rastrow , Roland Maas

We address the problem of detecting speech directed to a device that does not contain a specific wake-word. Specifically, we focus on audio coming from a touch-based invocation. Mitigating virtual assistants (VAs) activation due to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-31 Vineet Garg , Ognjen Rudovic , Pranay Dighe , Ahmed H. Abdelaziz , Erik Marchi , Saurabh Adya , Chandra Dhir , Ahmed Tewfik

In this paper, we address the task of determining whether a given utterance is directed towards a voice-enabled smart-assistant device or not. An undirected utterance is termed as a "false trigger" and false trigger mitigation (FTM) is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-22 Pranay Dighe , Erik Marchi , Srikanth Vishnubhotla , Sachin Kajarekar , Devang Naik

We present a unified and hardware efficient architecture for two stage voice trigger detection (VTD) and false trigger mitigation (FTM) tasks. Two stage VTD systems of voice assistants can get falsely activated to audio segments…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-17 Vineet Garg , Wonil Chang , Siddharth Sigtia , Saurabh Adya , Pramod Simha , Pranay Dighe , Chandra Dhir

Recent advances in AudioLLMs have enabled spoken dialogue systems to move beyond turn-based interaction toward real-time full-duplex communication, where the agent must decide when to speak, yield, or interrupt while the user is still…

Speaker verification aims to verify whether an input speech corresponds to the claimed speaker, and conventionally, this kind of system is deployed based on single-stream scenario, wherein the feature extractor operates in full frequency…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Wei Yao , Shen Chen , Jiamin Cui , Yaolin Lou

Voice controlled virtual assistants (VAs) are now available in smartphones, cars, and standalone devices in homes. In most cases, the user needs to first "wake-up" the VA by saying a particular word/phrase every time he or she wants the VA…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Atta Norouzian , Bogdan Mazoure , Dermot Connolly , Daniel Willett

Models for streaming speech translation (ST) can achieve high accuracy and low latency if they're developed with vast amounts of paired audio in the source language and written text in the target language. Yet, these text labels for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Rui Zhao , Jinyu Li , Ruchao Fan , Matt Post

Follow-up conversations with virtual assistants (VAs) enable a user to seamlessly interact with a VA without the need to repeatedly invoke it using a keyword (after the first query). Therefore, accurate Device-directed Speech Detection…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-06 Ognjen , Rudovic , Pranay Dighe , Yi Su , Vineet Garg , Sameer Dharur , Xiaochuan Niu , Ahmed H. Abdelaziz , Saurabh Adya , Ahmed Tewfik

The latency bottleneck of traditional text-to-speech (TTS) systems fundamentally hinders the potential of streaming large language models (LLMs) in conversational AI. These TTS systems, typically trained and inferenced on complete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Richard He Bai , Zijin Gu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Navdeep Jaitly

Unlike offline processing, streaming video vision-language models face two fundamental constraints: causality and accumulation. Causality prevents access to future frames that offline methods exploit, while accumulation causes tokens to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xueyi Chen , Keda Tao , Kele Shao , Huan Wang

Live streaming platforms require real-time monitoring and reaction to social signals, utilizing partial and asynchronous evidence from video, text, and audio. We propose StreamSense, a streaming detector that couples a lightweight streaming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Han Wang , Deyi Ji , Lanyun Zhu , Jiebo Luo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

In this work, we propose a classifier for distinguishing device-directed queries from background speech in the context of interactions with voice assistants. Applications include rejection of false wake-ups or unintended interactions as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-09 Sri Harish Mallidi , Roland Maas , Kyle Goehner , Ariya Rastrow , Spyros Matsoukas , Björn Hoffmeister

Anomalous audio in speech recordings is often caused by speaker voice distortion, external noise, or even electric interferences. These obstacles have become a serious problem in some fields, such as high-quality music mixing and speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-11 Qiang Huang , Thomas Hain

Chunk-based inference stands out as a popular approach in developing real-time streaming speech recognition, valued for its simplicity and efficiency. However, because it restricts the model's focus to only the history and current chunk…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Khanh Le , Duc Chau

Recent advancements in discrete token-based speech generation have highlighted the importance of token-to-waveform generation for audio quality, particularly in real-time interactions. Traditional frameworks integrating semantic tokens with…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Dake Guo , Jixun Yao , Linhan Ma , He Wang , Lei Xie

Modern wake word detection systems usually rely on neural networks for acoustic modeling. Transformers has recently shown superior performance over LSTM and convolutional networks in various sequence modeling tasks with their better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Yiming Wang , Hang Lv , Daniel Povey , Lei Xie , Sanjeev Khudanpur

The RNN-Transducers and improved attention-based encoder-decoder models are widely applied to streaming speech recognition. Compared with these two end-to-end models, the CTC model is more efficient in training and inference. However, it…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-06 Zhengkun Tian , Jiangyan Yi , Ye Bai , Jianhua Tao , Shuai Zhang , Zhengqi Wen

Vision-language models (VLMs) could power real-time assistants and autonomous agents, but they face a critical challenge: understanding near-infinite video streams without escalating latency and memory usage. Processing entire videos with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ruyi Xu , Guangxuan Xiao , Yukang Chen , Liuning He , Kelly Peng , Yao Lu , Song Han

We study device-addressed speech detection under pre-ASR edge deployment constraints, where systems must decide whether to forward audio before transcription under strict latency and compute limits. We show that, in multi-speaker…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-10 David Joohun Kim , Daniyal Anjum , Bonny Banerjee , Omar Abbasi
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