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Logical qubits can be protected from decoherence by performing QEC cycles repeatedly. Algorithms for fault-tolerant QEC must be compiled to the specific hardware platform under consideration in order to practically realize a quantum memory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Sascha Heußen , David F. Locher , Markus Müller

Efficient decoding to estimate error locations from outcomes of syndrome measurement is the prerequisite for quantum error correction. Decoding in presence of circuit-level noise including measurement errors should be considered in case of…

Quantum error correction in general is experimentally challenging as it requires significant expansion of the size of quantum circuits and accurate performance of quantum gates to fulfill the error threshold requirement. Here we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-04 C. Shen , L. -M. Duan

Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger quantum system. These extra degrees of freedom enable the detection and correction of errors, but also increase the operational complexity of the…

Recent progress in quantum cryptography and quantum computers has given hope to their imminent practical realization. An essential element at the heart of the application of these quantum systems is a quantum error correction scheme. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. L. Chuang , R. Laflamme

The large overhead imposed by quantum error correction is a critical challenge to the realization of quantum computers, and motivates searching for alternative error correcting codes and fault-tolerant circuit constructions. Postselection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 J. Wilson Staples , Winston Fu , Jeff D. Thompson

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for universal quantum computing. Despite tremendous experimental efforts in the study of quantum error correction, to date, there has been no demonstration in the realisation of universal…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for enabling quantum advantages, with decoding as a central algorithmic primitive. Owing to its importance and intrinsic difficulty, substantial effort has been made to QEC decoder design, among…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Ge Yan , Shanchuan Li , Yuxuan Du

The realization of effective quantum error correction protocols remains a central challenge in the development of scalable quantum computers. Employing high-dimensional quantum systems (qudits) can offer more hardware-efficient protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Sumin Lim , Mikhail V. Vaganov , Junjie Liu , Arzhang Ardavan

We present a two-step decoder for the parity code and evaluate its performance in code-capacity and faulty-measurement settings. For noiseless measurements, we find that the decoding problem can be reduced to a series of repetition codes…

As quantum computing moves toward fault-tolerant architectures, quantum error correction (QEC) decoder performance is increasingly critical for scalability. Understanding the impact of transitioning from floating-point software to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Francisco Garcia-Herrero , Javier Valls , Llanos Vergara-Picazo , Vicente Torres

We identify regimes where post-selection can be used scalably in quantum error correction (QEC) to improve performance. We use statistical mechanical models to analytically quantify the performance and thresholds of post-selected QEC, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Lucas H. English , Dominic J. Williamson , Stephen D. Bartlett

Quantum error correction (QEC) aims to protect logical qubits from noises by utilizing the redundancy of a large Hilbert space, where an error, once it occurs, can be detected and corrected in real time. In most QEC codes, a logical qubit…

Quantum error correction promises a viable path to fault-tolerant computations, enabling exponential error suppression when the device's error rates remain below the protocol's threshold. This threshold, however, strongly depends on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Maurice D. Hanisch , Bence Hetényi , James R. Wootton

Proposals for quantum computing devices are many and varied. They each have unique noise processes that make none of them fully reliable at this time. There are several error correction/avoidance techniques which are valuable for reducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Mark S. Byrd , Daniel A. Lidar

Large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computations will be enabled by quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). This work presents the first systematic technique to test the accuracy and effectiveness of different QECC decoding schemes by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Arshpreet Singh Maan , Alexandru Paler

Different choices of quantum error-correcting codes can reduce the demands on the physical hardware needed to build a quantum computer. To achieve the full potential of a code, we must develop practical decoding algorithms that can correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Zohar Schwartzman-Nowik , Benjamin J. Brown

Quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential concept for any quantum information processing device. Typically, QEC is designed with minimal assumptions about the noise process; this generic assumption exacts a high cost in efficiency and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-26 Andrew S. Fletcher

Fault-tolerant quantum computing will require error rates far below those achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction (QEC) bridges this gap, but depends on decoders being simultaneously fast, accurate, and scalable. This…

Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires quantum error correction (QEC), with most recent breakthrough demonstrations of QEC using the surface code. QEC codes use multiple noisy physical qubits to encode information in…