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Related papers: Token Pooling in Vision Transformers

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Transformer-based deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across numerous language and vision tasks. While the self-attention mechanism, a core component of transformers, has proven capable of handling complex data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Laziz Abdullaev , Tan M. Nguyen

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years. However, existing algorithms are based on convolutional neural networks and directly applying them to Vision Transformers poses certain limitations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Dengke Zhang , Quan Tang , Fagui Liu , Haiqing Mei , C. L. Philip Chen

Transformer models have become the dominant backbone for sequence modeling, leveraging self-attention to produce contextualized token representations. These are typically aggregated into fixed-size vectors via pooling operations for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Sofiane Ennadir , Levente Zólyomi , Oleg Smirnov , Tianze Wang , John Pertoft , Filip Cornell , Lele Cao

Most convolutional neural networks use some method for gradually downscaling the size of the hidden layers. This is commonly referred to as pooling, and is applied to reduce the number of parameters, improve invariance to certain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Faraz Saeedan , Nicolas Weber , Michael Goesele , Stefan Roth

Vision Transformer (ViT) has prevailed in computer vision tasks due to its strong long-range dependency modelling ability. \textcolor{blue}{However, its large model size and weak local feature modeling ability hinder its application in real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Yi Zhang , Lingxiao Wei , Bowei Zhang , Ziwei Liu , Kai Yi , Shu Hu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) incur significant computational cost from processing numerous vision tokens through all LLM layers. Prior pruning methods operate either before the LLM, limiting generality due to diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Omer Faruk Deniz , Ruiyu Mao , Ruochen Li , Yapeng Tian , Latifur Khan

In this paper, we contend that the objective of representation learning is to compress and transform the distribution of the data, say sets of tokens, towards a mixture of low-dimensional Gaussian distributions supported on incoherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Yaodong Yu , Sam Buchanan , Druv Pai , Tianzhe Chu , Ziyang Wu , Shengbang Tong , Benjamin D. Haeffele , Yi Ma

Mixup is a commonly adopted data augmentation technique for image classification. Recent advances in mixup methods primarily focus on mixing based on saliency. However, many saliency detectors require intense computation and are especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Hyeong Kyu Choi , Joonmyung Choi , Hyunwoo J. Kim

While vision transformers (ViTs) have continuously achieved new milestones in the field of computer vision, their sophisticated network architectures with high computation and memory costs have impeded their deployment on resource-limited…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Peiyan Dong , Mengshu Sun , Alec Lu , Yanyue Xie , Kenneth Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Xin Meng , Zhengang Li , Xue Lin , Zhenman Fang , Yanzhi Wang

Although vision transformers (ViT) have shown remarkable success in various vision tasks, their computationally expensive self-attention hinder their deployment on resource-constrained devices. Token reduction, which discards less important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Haoyue Zhang , Jie Zhang , Song Guo

Transformers have demonstrated remarkable success across vision, language, and video. Yet, increasing task complexity has led to larger models and more tokens, raising the quadratic cost of self-attention and the overhead of GPU memory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Joonmyung Choi , Sanghyeok Lee , Byungoh Ko , Eunseo Kim , Jihyung Kil , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Due to spatial redundancy in remote sensing images, sparse tokens containing rich information are usually involved in self-attention (SA) to reduce the overall token numbers within the calculation, avoiding the high computational cost issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Wentao Jiang , Jing Zhang , Di Wang , Qiming Zhang , Zengmao Wang , Bo Du

Vision Transformers have witnessed prevailing success in a series of vision tasks. However, these Transformers often rely on extensive computational costs to achieve high performance, which is burdensome to deploy on resource-constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Wei Li , Xing Wang , Xin Xia , Jie Wu , Jiashi Li , Xuefeng Xiao , Min Zheng , Shiping Wen

Feature pooling layers (e.g., max pooling) in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) serve the dual purpose of providing increasingly abstract representations as well as yielding computational savings in subsequent convolutional layers. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Shuangfei Zhai , Hui Wu , Abhishek Kumar , Yu Cheng , Yongxi Lu , Zhongfei Zhang , Rogerio Feris

In the present work we present Training Noise Token (TNT) Pruning for vision transformers. Our method relaxes the discrete token dropping condition to continuous additive noise, providing smooth optimization in training, while retaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Mingxing Rao , Bohan Jiang , Daniel Moyer

Self-attention serves as the core foundation of large-scale transformer pretraining, but its quadratic token interaction cost makes inference expensive. Replacing attention with simpler sequential modules is appealing, yet naive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yuxin Ren , Maxwell D Collins , Miao Hu , Huanrui Yang

Recently, Vision Transformer and its variants have shown great promise on various computer vision tasks. The ability of capturing short- and long-range visual dependencies through self-attention is arguably the main source for the success.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Jianwei Yang , Chunyuan Li , Pengchuan Zhang , Xiyang Dai , Bin Xiao , Lu Yuan , Jianfeng Gao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visual understanding and reasoning, but they also impose significant computational burdens due to long visual sequence inputs. Recent works address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Rinyoichi Takezoe , Yaqian Li , Zihao Bo , Anzhou Hou , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long

Query-based Vision Transformer segmentation models typically reconstruct dense spatial feature maps to predict masks, inheriting design patterns from convolutional architectures. We show that this explicit image-space reconstruction is not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Calvin Galagain , Martyna Poreba , François Goulette

Contrastive image-text pre-trained models such as CLIP have shown remarkable adaptability to downstream tasks. However, they face challenges due to the high computational requirements of the Vision Transformer (ViT) backbone. Current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Cheng-En Wu , Jinhong Lin , Yu Hen Hu , Pedro Morgado